typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context, error: inout ParsingError) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context, error: inout ParsingError) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, delegate: JSONSerialization.Delegating, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context, error: inout ParsingError) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, errorHandler: JSONSerialization.ErrorHandler, context: JSONSerialization.Context, error: inout ParsingError) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser,

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func main() {
    let jsonString = "..."
    do {
        let json = try parse(string: jsonString)
        //...
    } catch ParsingError.invalidInput {
        //...
    } catch ParsingError.internalError(let error) {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func main() {
    let jsonString = "..."
    do {
        let json = try parse(string: jsonString)
        //...
    } catch ParsingError.invalidInput {
        //...
    } catch ParsingError.internalError(let error) {
        //...
    }
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void, didBegin: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void, didBegin: () -> Void, didEnd: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void, didBegin: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ErrorHandler, didFinish: (JSON) -> Void, didFail: (Error) -> Void, didCancel: () -> Void, didBegin: () -> Void, didEnd: () -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: string.data(using:.utf8)!, options: []) as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.invalidInput
    }
}

func serialize(_ object: Any) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: [])
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> Data {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: string.data(using:.utf8)!, options: []) as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.invalidInput
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: [])
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> Data {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> Data {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> Data {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> String {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
           .map { String(data: $0, encoding:.utf8) }
           .flatMap { try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(data: $0, options: []) as! JSON }
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(_ object: Any, options: [JSONSerialization.WritingOption]) throws -> Data {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.data(with: object, options: options)
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate, errorHandler: (JSONSerialization.JSONParserError) throws -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate, errorHandler: (JSONSerialization.JSONParserError) throws -> Void, completionHandler: (JSON) throws -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, encoding: StringEncoding, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate, errorHandler: (JSONSerialization.JSONParserError) throws -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data, options: JSONSerialization.ReadingOptions, delegate: JSONSerialization.JSONParserDelegate, errorHandler: (JSONSerialization.JSONParserError) throws -> Void, completionHandler: (JSON) throws -> Void) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func serialize(json: JSON) throws -> String {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type) throws -> T {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String) throws -> T {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize(json: JSON) throws -> String {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type) throws -> T {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String) throws -> T {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serializer, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func serialize<T: Codable>(json: JSON, type: T.Type, key: String, array: Bool, transform: (JSON, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int, Int) throws -> T) throws -> [T] {
    //...
}

// JSON serial

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: Options, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ParserErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ParserErrorHandler, completionHandler: ParserCompletionHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ParserErrorHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(stream: InputStream, options: ParserOptions, delegate: ParserDelegate, errorHandler: ParserErrorHandler, completionHandler: ParserCompletionHandler) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from Swift-Eval expression.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ expr: Expression) -> String {
    switch expr {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<"
        output += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<"
        output += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<"
        output += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<"
        output += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</"
        result += name
        result += ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<"
        result += name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " "
            result += key
            result += "=\""
            result += value
            result += "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    //...
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    //...
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.uppercaseString } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.uppercaseString } }
    
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                guard right!= 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        case "(":
            guard stack.count > 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.removeLast()
        case ")":
            // Do nothing
        default:
            guard token.isNumeric else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(Double(token)!)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.first!
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.uppercaseString } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.uppercaseString } }
    
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                guard right!= 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        case "(":
            guard stack.count > 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.removeLast()
        case ")":
            // Do nothing
        default:
            guard token.isNumeric else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(Double(token)!)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.first!
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result = 0.0
    var operator = "+"
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            operator = token
        case "(":
            let subResult = try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            result = subResult
        case ")":
            return result
        default:
            let operand = Double(token)
            if operand == nil {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            switch operator {
            case "+":
                result += operand!
            case "-":
                result -= operand!
            case "*":
                result *= operand!
            case "/":
                result /= operand!
            }
        }
    }
    throw CalculateError.invalidInput
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result = 0.0
    var operator = "+"
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            operator = token
        case "(":
            let subResult = try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            result = subResult
        case ")":
            return result
        default:
            let operand = Double(token)
            if operand == nil {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            switch operator {
            case "+":
                result += operand!
            case "-":
                result -= operand!
            case "*":
                result *= operand!
            case "/":
                result /= operand!
            }
        }
    }
    throw CalculateError.invalidInput
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [UnicodeScalar]) throws -> Double {
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(a + b)
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(a + b)
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            // Do nothing
        case let number as Double:
            stack.append(number)
        default:
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [UnicodeScalar]) throws -> Double {
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(a + b)
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(a + b)
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            // Do nothing
        case let number as Double:
            stack.append(number)
        default:
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    
    var stack = [Double]()
    var operator = nil
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+-":
            operator = token
        case "*/":
            operator = token
        case "(":
            break
        case ")":
            let right = stack.popLast()!
            let left = stack.popLast()!
            switch operator! {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        default:
            if let number = token.toDouble() {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    
    return stack.popLast()!
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    
    var stack = [Double]()
    var operator = nil
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+-":
            operator = token
        case "*/":
            operator = token
        case "(":
            break
        case ")":
            let right = stack.popLast()!
            let left = stack.popLast()!
            switch operator! {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        default:
            if let number = token.toDouble() {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    
    return stack.popLast()!
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines) }
    let tokens = tokens.filter {!$0.isEmpty }
    
    return calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(token == "+"? a + b : a - b)
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(token == "*"? a * b : a / b)
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines) }
    let tokens = tokens.filter {!$0.isEmpty }
    
    return calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(token == "+"? a + b : a - b)
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let a = stack.removeLast()
            let b = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(token == "*"? a * b : a / b)
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.joined(separator: "") }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.unicodeScalars }
    let tokens = tokens

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculator(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculator(_ tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack = [Double]()
    var operator = Operator.plus
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            operator = Operator(string: token)
        case "(":
            let value = try calculator(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            stack.append(value)
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            if let value = Double(token) {
                stack.append(value)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculator(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculator(_ tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack = [Double]()
    var operator = Operator.plus
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            operator = Operator(string: token)
        case "(":
            let value = try calculator(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            stack.append(value)
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            if let value = Double(token) {
                stack.append(value)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack[0]
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines) }
    let tokens = tokens.filter {!$0.isEmpty }
    let tokens = tokens.map { try Double($0) }
    
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [Double]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(Double(left.rawValue + (right.rawValue * (token == "+"? 1 : -1))))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(Double(left.rawValue * (right.rawValue * (token == "*"? 1 : -1))))
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()
        default:
            stack.append(token)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.popLast()
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines) }
    let tokens = tokens.filter {!$0.isEmpty }
    let tokens = tokens.map { try Double($0) }
    
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [Double]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(Double(left.rawValue + (right.rawValue * (token == "+"? 1 : -1))))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(Double(left.rawValue * (right.rawValue * (token == "*"? 1 : -1))))
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()
        default:
            stack.append(token)
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.popLast()
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [Character]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(left + (right - left) * (token == "+"? 1 : -1))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(left * (right / left) * (token == "*"? 1 : -1))
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()
        default:
            guard token.isDigit else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(Double(String(token)))
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.popLast()
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.characters.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    let tokens = tokens.map { $0.map { $0.unicodeScalars.first! } }
    
    return try calculate(tokens: tokens)
}

func calculate(tokens: [Character]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(left + (right - left) * (token == "+"? 1 : -1))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.popLast()
            let left = stack.popLast()
            stack.append(left * (right / left) * (token == "*"? 1 : -1))
        case "(":
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()
        default:
            guard token.isDigit else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(Double(String(token)))
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.popLast()
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe for stdout and stderr.
    var stdout = Pipe()
    var stderr = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Set pipes for stdout and stderr.
    process.standardOutput = stdout
    process.standardError = stderr
    // Execute process.
    try! process.run()
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout.data.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines), stderr.data.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines))
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe for stdout and stderr.
    var stdout = Pipe()
    var stderr = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Set pipes for stdout and stderr.
    process.standardOutput = stdout
    process.standardError = stderr
    // Execute process.
    try! process.run()
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout.data.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines), stderr.data.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines))
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.data, encoding:.utf8)!
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.data, encoding:.utf8)!
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.data, encoding:.utf8)!
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.data, encoding:.utf8)!
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()

    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)

    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()

    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)

    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe for stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments and pipe for stdout and stderr.
    let process = Process()
    process.arguments = [binary, arguments]
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Execute process and wait for it to finish.
    let status = try process.run()
    // Get stdout and stderr from pipe.
    let stdout = String(data: pipe.outputBuffer, encoding:.utf8)!
    let stderr = String(data: pipe.outputBuffer, encoding:.utf8)!
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe for stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments and pipe for stdout and stderr.
    let process = Process()
    process.arguments = [binary, arguments]
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Execute process and wait for it to finish.
    let status = try process.run()
    // Get stdout and stderr from pipe.
    let stdout = String(data: pipe.outputBuffer, encoding:.utf8)!
    let stderr = String(data: pipe.outputBuffer, encoding:.utf8)!
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = NSTask()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutputGoesToDeviceLog = true
    task.standardErrorGoesToDeviceLog = true
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (task.standardOutput?.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines),
            task.standardError?.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines))
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = NSTask()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutputGoesToDeviceLog = true
    task.standardErrorGoesToDeviceLog = true
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (task.standardOutput?.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines),
            task.standardError?.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines))
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe to read stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create a process with the binary and arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Set the pipe as stdout and stderr for the process.
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Start the process asynchronously.
    let task = process.run()
    // Wait for the process to finish.
    try task.wait()
    // Return the stdout and stderr.
    return (pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().decode(),
            pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().decode())
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe to read stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create a process with the binary and arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Set the pipe as stdout and stderr for the process.
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Start the process asynchronously.
    let task = process.run()
    // Wait for the process to finish.
    try task.wait()
    // Return the stdout and stderr.
    return (pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().decode(),
            pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().decode())
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputBuffer!.materialize()!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.launch()
    let data = try! task.waitForData()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (output, String(data: task.standardErrorOutput, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.launch()
    let data = try! task.waitForData()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (output, String(data: task.standardErrorOutput, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var stdout = ""
    var stderr = ""

    let pipe = Pipe()
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    process.launch()

    pipe.waitForData()
    stdout = String(bytes: pipe.stdoutData.bytes, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    stderr = String(bytes: pipe.stderrData.bytes, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!

    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var stdout = ""
    var stderr = ""

    let pipe = Pipe()
    let process = Process()
    process.executable = binary
    process.arguments = arguments
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    process.launch()

    pipe.waitForData()
    stdout = String(bytes: pipe.stdoutData.bytes, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    stderr = String(bytes: pipe.stderrData.bytes, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!

    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let value = cache[argument] {
            return value
        } else {
            let value = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = value
            return value
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let value = cache[argument] {
            return value
        } else {
            let value = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = value
            return value
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        }
        let output = function(input)
        cache[input] = output
        return output
    }
}

func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        }
        let output = function(input)
        cache[input] = output
        return output
    }
}

// Memoized version of the fibonacci function.
func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the factorial function.
func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the fibonacci function.
func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the factorial function.
func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

// Memoized version of the fibonacci function.
func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the factorial function.
func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the fibonacci function.
func fibonacci(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(fibonacci)(n)
}

// Memoized version of the factorial function.
func factorial(n: Int) -> Int {
    return memoize(factorial)(n)
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    return result!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    return result!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        do {
            return task()
        } catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        do {
            return task()
        } catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) -> Result<T, Error> {
    return retry(attempts: attempts, task: task)
}

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) -> Result<T, Error> {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return try task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    return.failure(error!)
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) -> Result<T, Error> {
    return retry(attempts: attempts, task: task)
}

// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) -> Result<T, Error> {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return try task()
        catch {
            error = $0
        }
    }
    return.failure(error!)
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    
    do {
        result = try task()
    } catch {
        if attempts <= 1 {
            throw error
        }
    }
    
    for _ in (1...attempts) {
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch {
            // ignore
        }
    }
    
    guard let value = result else {
        throw NSError(domain: "Retry", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
    
    return value
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    
    do {
        result = try task()
    } catch {
        if attempts <= 1 {
            throw error
        }
    }
    
    for _ in (1...attempts) {
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch {
            // ignore
        }
    }
    
    guard let value = result else {
        throw NSError(domain: "Retry", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
    
    return value
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    return result!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    return result!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    
    return result!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    
    if let e = error {
        throw e
    }
    
    return result!
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Private
    private var registrations: [Registration] = []
    
    // MARK: - Public
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations.append(Registration(type: type, factory: factory))
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        for registration in registrations {
            if registration.type == type {
                return registration.factory()
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Private
    private var registrations: [Registration] = []
    
    // MARK: - Public
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations.append(Registration(type: type, factory: factory))
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        for registration in registrations {
            if registration.type == type {
                return registration.factory()
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Registering
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }
    // MARK: - Resolving
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Registering
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }
    // MARK: - Resolving
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // Register a type and its factory.
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    // Resolve a type from the container.
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // Register a type and its factory.
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    // Resolve a type from the container.
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Registering
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        // TODO: Implement
    }

    // MARK: - Resolving
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        // TODO: Implement
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // MARK: - Registering
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        // TODO: Implement
    }

    // MARK: - Resolving
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        // TODO: Implement
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // Register a type and a factory for creating an instance of the type.
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    // Resolve an instance of a type.
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    // Register a type and a factory for creating an instance of the type.
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    // Resolve an instance of a type.
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let toState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = toState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let toState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = toState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

// Usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: 0)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: 0, to: 1, event: 1)
stateMachine.trigger(event: 1)
// stateMachine.state == 1
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
        set {
            self.state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitionsForState = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let transition = transitionsForState[event] {
                self.state = transition
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitionsForState = self.transitions[from] {
            transitionsForState[event] = to
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
        set {
            self.state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitionsForState = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let transition = transitionsForState[event] {
                self.state = transition
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitionsForState = self.transitions[from] {
            transitionsForState[event] = to
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: ()]]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let nextState = transitions[event] {
                self.state = nextState
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = [event: ()]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event: ()]]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: ()]]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let nextState = transitions[event] {
                self.state = nextState
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = [event: ()]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event: ()]]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Methods
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let nextState = transitions[event] {
                self.state = nextState
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = [event]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event]]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Methods
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[self.state] {
            if let nextState = transitions[event] {
                self.state = nextState
            }
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = self.transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = [event]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event]]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - StateMachineProtocol
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - StateMachineProtocol
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    // State of the machine
    var state: State
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes the state machine with the given state
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    
    // Triggers the event and changes the state to the next one
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state, event] {
            state = transition
        }
    }
    
    // Registers a transition between two states
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, event] = to
    }
    
    // MARK: - Private API
    
    // Dictionary of transitions between states
    private var transitions: [State: State] = [:]
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    // State of the machine
    var state: State
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes the state machine with the given state
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    
    // Triggers the event and changes the state to the next one
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state, event] {
            state = transition
        }
    }
    
    // Registers a transition between two states
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, event] = to
    }
    
    // MARK: - Private API
    
    // Dictionary of transitions between states
    private var transitions: [State: State] = [:]
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: [Event]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = self.transitions[self.state]?[event]?.first {
            self.state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let nextStates = self.transitions[from] {
            nextStates[to] = [event]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event]]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: [Event]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = self.transitions[self.state]?[event]?.first {
            self.state = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let nextStates = self.transitions[from] {
            nextStates[to] = [event]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event]]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // State machine state
    var state: State
    // Event that triggered the state change
    var event: Event?
    // Dictionary of registered transitions
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: State]]] = [:]
    
    // Initializer
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // Get state
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    // Trigger event
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        self.event = event
        
        // Check if there is a registered transition
        if let transition = self.transitions[self.state][self.event] {
            self.state = transition
        }
    }
    
    // Register transition
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        // Check if there is a registered transition
        if let transition = self.transitions[from][event] {
            self.transitions[from][event] = transition
        }
        // Register new transition
        else {
            self.transitions[from][event] = to
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // State machine state
    var state: State
    // Event that triggered the state change
    var event: Event?
    // Dictionary of registered transitions
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: State]]] = [:]
    
    // Initializer
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // Get state
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    // Trigger event
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        self.event = event
        
        // Check if there is a registered transition
        if let transition = self.transitions[self.state][self.event] {
            self.state = transition
        }
    }
    
    // Register transition
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        // Check if there is a registered transition
        if let transition = self.transitions[from][event] {
            self.transitions[from][event] = transition
        }
        // Register new transition
        else {
            self.transitions[from][event] = to
        }
    }
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//�
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
//

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//    case directory(
//    case file(name: String,
//    directory(
//    directory(
    directory(
    directory
    directory(
    directory
    directory(
    directory
    contents:
    contents:
    contents:
    contents
    contents: [FileSystem
    FileSystemNode
    FileSystemNode
    FileSystemNode
    FileSystemNode
    )
    //    )
    )
    )
)
)
)
)
)
    
)
    //
)
    //
    //    
    var
    var
    var
    var
    var
    

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//...
//
//
//
//
//
//

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
//

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
}

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
//...
//...
//...
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    var elements = [Element]()
    
    init() {
        
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

extension Stack: StackProtocol {
    
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements = [Element]()
    
    init() {
        
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Stack protocol conformance
extension Stack: StackProtocol {
    
}

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<Int>()
stack.push(1)
stack.push(2)
stack.push(3)

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol conformance
let stack = Stack<String>()
stack.push("Hello")
stack.push("World")

// Protocol

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        //...
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        //...
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.count > 0 {
            return self.elements.removeLast()
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.count > 0 {
            return self.elements.removeLast()
        }
        return nil
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.count > 0 {
            return self.elements.removeLast()
        }
        return nil
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.count > 0 {
            return self.elements.removeLast()
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Stack protocol implementation.
extension Stack: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

// Stack protocol conformance.
extension Int: StackProtocol {}
extension String: StackProtocol {}

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements = [Element]()

    init() {
        self.elements = [Element]()
    }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

extension Stack: StackProtocol {}

// Usage.
let stack = Stack<Int>()
stack.push(1)
stack.push(2)
stack.push(3)

// Pop elements from the stack.
let element1 = stack.pop()
let element2 = stack.pop()
let element3 = stack.pop()

// Check if the stack is empty.
if stack.pop()!= nil {
    print("The stack is not empty.")
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements = [Element]()

    init() {
        self.elements = [Element]()
    }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Protocol conformance.
extension Stack: StackProtocol {}

// Usage.
let stack = Stack<Int>()
stack.push(1)
stack.push(2)
stack.push(3)

// Pop elements from the stack.
let element1 = stack.pop()
let element2 = stack.pop()
let element3 = stack.pop()

// Check if the stack is empty.
if stack.pop()!= nil {
    print("The stack is not empty.")
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

extension Stack: StackProtocol { }

// Protocol conformance for Stack<Int>
extension Stack where Element: Int {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

extension Stack where Element: String {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

extension Stack where Element: [String: Int] {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Protocol conformance for Stack<Element>
extension Stack: StackProtocol { }

// Protocol conformance for Stack<Int>
extension Stack where Element: Int {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

// Protocol conformance for Stack<String>
extension Stack where Element: String {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}

// Protocol conformance for Stack<Dictionary<String, Int>>
extension Stack where Element: [String: Int] {
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        //...
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    var elements = [Element]()

    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }

        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements = [Element]()

    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        if self.elements.isEmpty {
            return nil
        }

        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Protocol conformance
extension Stack: StackProtocol {}

// Usage
let stack = Stack<Int>()
stack.push(1)
stack.push(2)
stack.push(3)

// Pop the last element
let popped = stack.pop()
print(popped) // 3

// Pop the last element
let popped = stack.pop()
print(popped) // 2

// Pop the last element
let popped = stack.pop()
print(popped) // 1

// Pop the last element
let popped = stack.pop()
print(popped) // nil
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if elements.isEmpty { return nil }
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        if elements.isEmpty { return nil }
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Int
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element == Int {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of String
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element == String {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Double
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element == Double {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element == Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element == AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyHashable {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyObject
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: AnyObject {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of Any
extension Stack: StackProtocol where Element: Any {}

// Protocol conformance for stack of AnyHashable
extension Stack: Stack

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: CacheProtocol {
    

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int)
    func insert(capacity: Int) {
    func(capacity: Int) {
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func
    func

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int)
    func capacity: Int
    func
    func capacity: Int
    func capacity: Int

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    // MARK: CacheProtocol {
    func init

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int)
    func init(capacity: Int)
    func capacity: Int
    func capacity

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key:
    func add(key: Key: Key: Key: Hash

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int) {

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int) {

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: CacheProtocol {
    func init(capacity: Int) {
    

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: (value: Value: Value: Value: Value
    func: Value
    func: Key: Key: Key: Key: Key: Key: Key: Key: Key:

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func put

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value: Value

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func put

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

import Foundation

```swift
import Foundation

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable
    func put(value: Value
    func

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<stringData.count {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(stringData[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = String()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData.append(String(Char(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))))
        }
        return decryptedData
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<stringData.count {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(stringData[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = String()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData.append(String(Char(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))))
        }
        return decryptedData
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer { buffer in
                        buffer.withUnsafeMutableBytes { keyBytes in
                            buffer.count.times {
                                bytes[$0] ^= keyBytes[$0]
                                $0 += 1
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes.withUnsafeBufferPointer { buffer in
                        buffer.withUnsafeBytes { keyBytes in
                            buffer.count.times {
                                bytes[$0] ^= keyBytes[$0]
                                $0 += 1
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer { buffer in
                        buffer.withUnsafeMutableBytes { keyBytes in
                            buffer.count.times {
                                bytes[$0] ^= keyBytes[$0]
                                $0 += 1
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes.withUnsafeBufferPointer { buffer in
                        buffer.withUnsafeBytes { keyBytes in
                            buffer.count.times {
                                bytes[$0] ^= keyBytes[$0]
                                $0 += 1
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for (index, byte) in bytes.enumerated() {
            encrypted[index] = byte ^ key.asciiValue(range: Range(unchecked: (first: 0, max: UInt8.max)))!
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = String()
        for byte in data {
            decrypted.append(String(byte ^ key.asciiValue(range: Range(unchecked: (first: 0, max: UInt8.max)))!))
        }
        return decrypted
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for (index, byte) in bytes.enumerated() {
            encrypted[index] = byte ^ key.asciiValue(range: Range(unchecked: (first: 0, max: UInt8.max)))!
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = String()
        for byte in data {
            decrypted.append(String(byte ^ key.asciiValue(range: Range(unchecked: (first: 0, max: UInt8.max)))!))
        }
        return decrypted
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            encrypted[i] = bytes[i] ^ key.utf8.count.byteValue
        }
        return encrypted
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decrypted[i] = data[i] ^ key.utf8.count.byteValue
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)?? ""
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: true)
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            encrypted[i] = bytes[i] ^ key.utf8.count.byteValue
        }
        return encrypted
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decrypted[i] = data[i] ^ key.utf8.count.byteValue
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)?? ""
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for i in 0..<string.count {
                        bytes[i] = bytes[i] xor keyBytes[i % key.count]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for i in 0..<data.count {
                        bytes[i] = bytes[i] xor keyBytes[i % key.count]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for i in 0..<string.count {
                        bytes[i] = bytes[i] xor keyBytes[i % key.count]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for i in 0..<data.count {
                        bytes[i] = bytes[i] xor keyBytes[i % key.count]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for (byte, keyByte) in zip($0, keyBytes!) {
                        byte ^= keyByte
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for (byte, keyByte) in zip($0, keyBytes!) {
                        byte ^= keyByte
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeMutableBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for (byte, keyByte) in zip($0, keyBytes!) {
                        byte ^= keyByte
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: 0) {
            $0.withUnsafeBytes { bytes in
                key.withUnsafeCString(UTF8String: bytes) { keyBytes in
                    for (byte, keyByte) in zip($0, keyBytes!) {
                        byte ^= keyByte
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: data.count) {
            data in
            data.withUnsafeMutableBytes {
                bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes[$offset] ^= key[$offset]
                    $offset++
                }
            }
        }
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: data.count) {
            data in
            data.withUnsafeBytes {
                bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes[$offset] ^= key[$offset]
                    $offset++
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: data.count) {
            data in
            data.withUnsafeMutableBytes {
                bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes[$offset] ^= key[$offset]
                    $offset++
                }
            }
        }
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withMemoryRebound(to: UInt8.self, capacity: data.count) {
            data in
            data.withUnsafeBytes {
                bytes in
                key.count.times {
                    bytes[$offset] ^= key[$offset]
                    $offset++
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(character) ^ keyData[Int(keyLength) % keyData.count])
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedString = String()
        for character in data {
            decryptedString.append(String(UnicodeScalar(character) ^ keyData[Int(keyLength) % keyData.count]))
        }
        return decryptedString
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(character) ^ keyData[Int(keyLength) % keyData.count])
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedString = String()
        for character in data {
            decryptedString.append(String(UnicodeScalar(character) ^ keyData[Int(keyLength) % keyData.count]))
        }
        return decryptedString
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var result = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            result.append(UInt8(character) ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))
        }
        return result
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var result = ""
        for byte in data {
            result.append(String(Characters: (byte ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))))
        }
        return result
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var result = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            result.append(UInt8(character) ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))
        }
        return result
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var result = ""
        for byte in data {
            result.append(String(Characters: (byte ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))))
        }
        return result
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var data = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            data.append(UInt8(character) ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))
        }
        return data
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var string = ""
        for byte in data {
            string.append(String(Characters: (byte ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))))
        }
        return string
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var data = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            data.append(UInt8(character) ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))
        }
        return data
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var string = ""
        for byte in data {
            string.append(String(Characters: (byte ^ UInt8(key.utf8.first!))))
        }
        return string
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new rate limiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        if timeSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new rate limiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        if timeSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    // Initializes a new RateLimiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: true if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }
    
    // The number of requests made.
    var requestsCount: Int {
        get {
            return maxRequests - (Date().timeIntervalSince1970 - lastRequestTime) / timeInterval
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    // Initializes a new RateLimiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: true if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }
    
    // The number of requests made.
    var requestsCount: Int {
        get {
            return maxRequests - (Date().timeIntervalSince1970 - lastRequestTime) / timeInterval
        }
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    // The maximum number of requests
    let maxRequests: Int
    // The time interval
    let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    // The last time a request was made
    var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        // If the last request time is 0, it means that no requests have been made yet, so the request is allowed
        if self.lastRequestTime == 0 {
            self.lastRequestTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
            return true
        }

        // If the number of requests exceeds the maximum number of requests, the request is not allowed
        if self.maxRequests <= 0 {
            return false
        }

        // If the time interval has passed since the last request, the request is allowed
        if Date().timeIntervalSince1970 - self.lastRequestTime > self.timeInterval {
            self.lastRequestTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
            return true
        }

        // The request is not allowed
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    // The maximum number of requests
    let maxRequests: Int
    // The time interval
    let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    // The last time a request was made
    var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        // If the last request time is 0, it means that no requests have been made yet, so the request is allowed
        if self.lastRequestTime == 0 {
            self.lastRequestTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
            return true
        }

        // If the number of requests exceeds the maximum number of requests, the request is not allowed
        if self.maxRequests <= 0 {
            return false
        }

        // If the time interval has passed since the last request, the request is allowed
        if Date().timeIntervalSince1970 - self.lastRequestTime > self.timeInterval {
            self.lastRequestTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
            return true
        }

        // The request is not allowed
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new RateLimiter object with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: True if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    private var requestsCount = 0
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new RateLimiter object with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: True if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    private var requestsCount = 0
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    // The maximum number of requests that can be made within the time interval.
    let maxRequests: Int
    // The time interval in which the maximum number of requests can be made.
    let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    // The number of requests that have been made within the time interval.
    private var requestsMade = 0
    // The date and time at which the last request was made.
    private var lastRequestDate = Date()

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class.
    //
    // - Parameters:
    //   - maxRequests: The maximum number of requests that can be made within the time interval.
    //   - timeInterval: The time interval in which the maximum number of requests can be made.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    //
    // - Returns: True if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentDate = Date()
        if currentDate.compare(self.lastRequestDate) == ComparisonResult.orderedAscending {
            self.requestsMade = 0
        } else if self.requestsMade >= self.maxRequests {
            return false
        }
        self.requestsMade += 1
        self.lastRequestDate = currentDate
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    // The maximum number of requests that can be made within the time interval.
    let maxRequests: Int
    // The time interval in which the maximum number of requests can be made.
    let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    // The number of requests that have been made within the time interval.
    private var requestsMade = 0
    // The date and time at which the last request was made.
    private var lastRequestDate = Date()

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class.
    //
    // - Parameters:
    //   - maxRequests: The maximum number of requests that can be made within the time interval.
    //   - timeInterval: The time interval in which the maximum number of requests can be made.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    //
    // - Returns: True if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentDate = Date()
        if currentDate.compare(self.lastRequestDate) == ComparisonResult.orderedAscending {
            self.requestsMade = 0
        } else if self.requestsMade >= self.maxRequests {
            return false
        }
        self.requestsMade += 1
        self.lastRequestDate = currentDate
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class.
    // - Parameters:
    //   - maxRequests: The maximum number of requests allowed.
    //   - timeInterval: The time interval between requests.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: true if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime

        if elapsedTime >= timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }

        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new instance of the RateLimiter class.
    // - Parameters:
    //   - maxRequests: The maximum number of requests allowed.
    //   - timeInterval: The time interval between requests.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: true if a new request can be made, false otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime

        if elapsedTime >= timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }

        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    
    // Initializes a new rate limiter with the given maximum number of requests and time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let now = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = now.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        if timeSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            lastRequest = now
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    
    // Initializes a new rate limiter with the given maximum number of requests and time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let now = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = now.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        if timeSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            lastRequest = now
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0
    private var requestsCount: Int = 0
    
    // Initializes a new RateLimiter instance with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    // Returns a boolean value indicating if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0
    private var requestsCount: Int = 0
    
    // Initializes a new RateLimiter instance with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    // Returns a boolean value indicating if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a RateLimiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    // The number of requests made since the last reset.
    var requestsCount = 0
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a RateLimiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: `true` if a new request can be made, `false` otherwise.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    // The number of requests made since the last reset.
    var requestsCount = 0
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new RateLimiter instance with the given maximum number of requests and time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    // Increments the number of requests by one.
    func incrementRequestsCount() {
        requestsCount += 1
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0

    // Initializes a new RateLimiter instance with the given maximum number of requests and time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime < timeInterval {
            return false
        }
        lastRequestTime = currentTime
        return requestsCount < maxRequests
    }

    // Increments the number of requests by one.
    func incrementRequestsCount() {
        requestsCount += 1
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        self.value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        self.value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndCondition: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue2: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueueAndCondition: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue2: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition2: Condition = Condition()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        condition2.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndCondition: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue2: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueueAndCondition: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue2: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition2: Condition = Condition()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        condition.wait()
        condition2.wait()
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        queue.lock()
        defer { queue.unlock() }
        queue2.lock()
        defer { queue2.unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueueAndConditionAndLockQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private var queue: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue2: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition2: Condition = Condition()
    private var queue3: LockQueue = LockQueue()
    private var condition3: Condition = Condition()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private var lock = Lock()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private var lock = Lock()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter2: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter3: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter4: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter5: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter6: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter7: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounter8: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter2: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter3: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter4: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter5: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter6: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter7: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter8: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        self.value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
}

// Thread-safe number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
    
    func lock() {
        //...
    }
    
    func unlock() {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock()
        self.value += 1
        unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock()
        defer { unlock() }
        return self.value
    }
    
    func lock() {
        //...
    }
    
    func unlock() {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transformers: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        transformers.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue?? Output()
        for transformer in transformers {
            output = transformer(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transformers: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        transformers.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue?? Output()
        for transformer in transformers {
            output = transformer(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

// A simple example of a pipeline that transforms a string into a list of words
let pipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: "Hello, world!")
   .pipe { string in
        string.components(separatedBy: " ")
    }
   .pipe { words in
        words.map { String(characters: $0.characters, count: $0.count) }
    }
   .execute()
// ["Hello", "world"]
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<T> {
    private var transforms: [((T) -> T)] = []
    private var initialValue: T?
    
    init(initialValue: T?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (T) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: nil)
    }
    
    func execute() -> T {
        var output = initialValue?? T()
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<T> {
    private var transforms: [((T) -> T)] = []
    private var initialValue: T?
    
    init(initialValue: T?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (T) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: nil)
    }
    
    func execute() -> T {
        var output = initialValue?? T()
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(initialValue) { $1($0) }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(initialValue) { $1($0) }
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(self.initialValue!) { $0, $1 }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(self.initialValue!) { $0, $1 }
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
}

class PipelineExample: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

class PipelineExample2: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

class PipelineExample3: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

class PipelineExample4: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
}

// Example of a pipeline using the PipelineProtocol
class PipelineExample: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

// Example of a pipeline using the PipelineProtocol
class PipelineExample2: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

// Example of a pipeline using the PipelineProtocol
class PipelineExample3: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

// Example of a pipeline using the PipelineProtocol
class PipelineExample4: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = value
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
    
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output? = nil
}

// Example of a pipeline using the PipelineProtocol
class PipelineExample5: PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output = String
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: value)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(self.initialValue) { $0!($1) }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output? = nil
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(self.initialValue) { $0!($1) }
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(initialValue: Output?) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let transformFunction = transform
        self.transforms.append(transformFunction)
        return Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var currentValue = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            currentValue = transform(currentValue)
        }
        return currentValue!
    }
}

// Example usage of the Pipeline class.
let pipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: 0)
   .pipe { $0 + 1 }
   .pipe { $0 * 2 }
   .pipe { $0 + 3 }
   .execute()
// Output: 8
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(initialValue) { $0?.execute()?? $1 }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [Output -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.initialValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transforms.append(transform)
        return Pipeline(value: transform(initialValue!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return self.transforms.reduce(initialValue) { $0?.execute()?? $1 }
    }
}

// A simple example of a pipeline
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 0)
   .pipe { $0 + 1 }
   .pipe { $0 * 2 }
   .execute()
// Output: 6
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output
    
    init(initialValue: Output) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        var newPipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
        newPipeline.transforms.append({ input in transform(input)})
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output
    
    init(initialValue: Output) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        var newPipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
        newPipeline.transforms.append({ input in transform(input)})
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

// Pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes.
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output
    
    init(initialValue: Output) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        var newPipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
        newPipeline.transforms.append({ input in transform(input)})
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}

// Pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes.
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var initialValue: Output
    
    init(initialValue: Output) {
        self.initialValue = initialValue
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        var newPipeline = Pipeline(initialValue: initialValue)
        newPipeline.transforms.append({ input in transform(input)})
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        var output = initialValue
        for transform in transforms {
            output = transform(output)
        }
        return output
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<T> {
    private var transform: ((T) -> T)
    
    init(_ transform: @escaping (T) -> T) {
        self.transform = transform
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (T) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline { input in
            transform(transform(input))
        }
    }
    
    func execute() -> T {
        return transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(transform(

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self._value
        }
        set {
            self._value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes
// and also provides a default value.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self._value
        }
        set {
            self._value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    //...
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        self.observers.append(observer)
        return UUID()
    }
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeAll { $0.uuid == observer }
    }
    func notifyObservers() {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(self.value) }
    }
    private var observers: [Observer] = []
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        self.observers.append(observer)
        return UUID()
    }
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeAll { $0.uuid == observer }
    }
    func notifyObservers() {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(self.value) }
    }
    private var observers: [Observer] = []
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    // MARK: - ObservablePropertyProtocol
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self._value
        }
        set {
            self._value = newValue
            self.notify(newValue)
        }
    }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.observers.subscribe(observer)
    }
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    // MARK: - Private
    private var _value: Value
    private var observers: Observer<Value> = Observer<Value>()
    private func notify(_ value: Value) {
        self.observers.notify(value)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    // MARK: - ObservablePropertyProtocol
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self._value
        }
        set {
            self._value = newValue
            self.notify(newValue)
        }
    }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.observers.subscribe(observer)
    }
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    // MARK: - Private
    private var _value: Value
    private var observers: Observer<Value> = Observer<Value>()
    private func notify(_ value: Value) {
        self.observers.notify(value)
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    //...
}

// Observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
// The `Value` type is inferred from the `value` property's type.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    //...
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers(of: newValue)
        }
    }

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerId = UUID()
        self.observers[observerId] = observer
        return observerId
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }

    func notifyObservers(of value: Value) {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(value) }
    }

    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers(of: newValue)
        }
    }

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerId = UUID()
        self.observers[observerId] = observer
        return observerId
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }

    func notifyObservers(of value: Value) {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(value) }
    }

    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        self.observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observerID: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observerID)
    }

    func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }

    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        self.observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observerID: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observerID)
    }

    func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }

    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        self.observers.append(id)
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeAll { $0 == observer }
    }
    
    func setValue(_ value: Value) {
        self.value = value
        self.observers.forEach {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        self.observers.append(id)
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeAll { $0 == observer }
    }
    
    func setValue(_ value: Value) {
        self.value = value
        self.observers.forEach {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notify(newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        self.observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func notify(_ value: Value) {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(value) }
    }
    
    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}

class ObservablePropertyWrapper<Value> {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = ObservableProperty(value: newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: ObservableProperty<Value>) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.value.subscribe(observer)
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.value.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    
    private var value: ObservableProperty<Value>
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value>: ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notify(newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        self.observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func notify(_ value: Value) {
        self.observers.forEach { $0(value) }
    }
    
    private var observers: [UUID: @escaping (Value) -> Void] = [:]
}

// Observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
// The value is wrapped in a class to prevent direct mutation of the value.
class ObservablePropertyWrapper<Value> {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = ObservableProperty(value: newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: ObservableProperty<Value>) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.value.subscribe(observer)
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.value.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    
    private var value: ObservableProperty<Value>
}

// Observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
// The value is wrapped in a class to prevent direct mutation of the value.
class ObservablePropertyWrapper<Value> {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = ObservableProperty(value: newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: ObservableProperty<Value>) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.value.subscribe(observer)
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.value.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    
    private var value: ObservableProperty<Value>
}

// Observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
// The value is wrapped in a class to prevent direct mutation of the value.
class ObservablePropertyWrapper<Value> {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = ObservableProperty(value: newValue)
        }
    }
    
    init(value: ObservableProperty<Value>) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return self.value.subscribe(observer)
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.value.unsubscribe(observer)
    }
    
    private var value: ObservableProperty<Value>
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return UUID()
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {}
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        return UUID()
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {}
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is a `get`ter that returns the wrapped value.
    // The `get`ter is marked `inout` so that the property wrapper can change the
    // value of the property.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            // Return the current value, clamped to the specified range.
            return self.range.clamped(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            // Set the wrapped value, clamped to the specified range.
            self.wrappedValue = range.clamped(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedInt: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the `Int` type.
    associatedtype Value = Int

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValue: Value

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0...100, range: 0...100) var clampedRange: ClampedRange<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is a `get`ter that returns the wrapped value.
    // The `get`ter is marked `inout` so that the property wrapper can change the
    // value of the property.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            // Return the current value, clamped to the specified range.
            return self.range.clamped(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            // Set the wrapped value, clamped to the specified range.
            self.wrappedValue = range.clamped(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `ClampedProtocol` protocol.
struct ClampedInt: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the `Int` type.
    associatedtype Value = Int

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValue: Value

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0...100, range: 0...100) var clampedRange: ClampedRange<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>

    // The `Clamped` property wrapper is used to store the clamped value and range.
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, range: 0...100) var clampedValueAndRange: Clamped<Value>
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    public init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    public var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                self.wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else {
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    public init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    public init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    public var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                self.wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else {
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a type-safe wrapper for a ClosedRange of a given type.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    public init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

// ClampedRange<Int> is a type-safe wrapper for a ClosedRange of Int.
let intRange = ClampedRange(lowerBound: 0, upperBound: 10)

// ClampedRange<Double> is a type-safe wrapper for a ClosedRange of Double.
let doubleRange = ClampedRange(lowerBound: 0.0, upperBound: 10.0)

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClampedRange.
@Clamped(range: intRange) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClampedRange.
@Clamped(range: doubleRange) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

// Clamped<Int> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Int within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0...10) var intValue = 5

// Clamped<Double> is a property wrapper that clamps a given Double within a specified ClosedRange.
@Clamped(range: 0.0...10.0) var doubleValue = 5.0

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is read-only because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is read-only because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `didSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    // The `range` property is `willSet` because it cannot be changed.
    //

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to `CustomStringConvertible`
    // so that it can be used as the default representation in a string interpolation.
    var description: String {
        get {
            return "Clamped(\(wrappedValue))"
        }
    }
}

extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to `CustomStringConvertible`
    // so that it can be used as the default representation in a string interpolation.
    var description: String {
        get {
            return "Clamped(\(wrappedValue))"
        }
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped` property wrapper can be used as a type alias for `Clamped<Int>`
// or `Clamped<Double>`.
extension Int: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, range: ClosedRange<Int>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

extension Double: ClampedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Double, range: ClosedRange<Double>) {
        self.init(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, range: range)
    }
}

// The `Clamped`

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // `wrappedValue` is a `Comparable` so it can be compared to `range.lowerBound` and `range.upperBound`.
    // `Comparable` protocol is conformed to by `Int` and `Double` so `Clamped` can be used with `Int` and `Double`.
    // `Comparable` protocol is conformed to by `Range<Self.Value>` so `ClampedRange` can be used with `Range<Int>` and `Range<Double>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `ClampedRange<Int>` and `ClampedRange<Double>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Int>` and `Clamped<Double>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>` and `Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Int>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Double>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can be used with `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Int>>>>>` and `Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<Clamped<ClampedRange<Double>>>>`.
    // `Clamped` can

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // `wrappedValue` conforms to `ClampedProtocol`
    // `ClampedRange` conforms to `Comparable`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `ClampedRange` is a `Comparable` wrapper around `ClosedRange<Value>`
    // `Clamped

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to the `ClampedProtocol`
    // protocol, so it must be a `Value` type.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            // Check if the new value is within the specified range.
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                // If not, set the `wrappedValue` property to the closest bound.
                self.wrappedValue = min(max(newValue, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
            } else {
                // Otherwise, set the `wrappedValue` property to the new value.
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

struct ClampedStruct: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is `Int`.
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    // The `Value` type must be the same as the `wrappedValue` property type.
    var wrappedValue: Value
    // The `range` property must be a `ClampedRange` struct.
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

@propertyWrapper
struct ClampedPropertyWrapper: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is `Int`.
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    // The `Value` type must be the same as the `wrappedValue` property type.
    var wrappedValue: Value
    // The `range` property must be a `ClampedRange` struct.
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to the `ClampedProtocol`
    // protocol, so it must be a `Value` type.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            // Check if the new value is within the specified range.
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                // If not, set the `wrappedValue` property to the closest bound.
                self.wrappedValue = min(max(newValue, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
            } else {
                // Otherwise, set the `wrappedValue` property to the new value.
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to the `ClampedProtocol`
    // protocol, so it must be a `Value` type.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            // Check if the new value is within the specified range.
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                // If not, set the `wrappedValue` property to the closest bound.
                self.wrappedValue = min(max(newValue, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
            } else {
                // Otherwise, set the `wrappedValue` property to the new value.
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// A `ClampedRange` struct that contains a `lowerBound` and `upperBound`.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

// A `Clamped` struct that conforms to the `ClampedProtocol` protocol.
struct ClampedStruct: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is `Int`.
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    // The `Value` type must be the same as the `wrappedValue` property type.
    var wrappedValue: Value
    // The `range` property must be a `ClampedRange` struct.
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

// A `Clamped` property wrapper that conforms to the `ClampedProtocol` protocol.
@propertyWrapper
struct ClampedPropertyWrapper: ClampedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is `Int`.
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    // The `Value` type must be the same as the `wrappedValue` property type.
    var wrappedValue: Value
    // The `range` property must be a `ClampedRange` struct.
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to conform to the `ClampedProtocol`
    // protocol, so it must be a `Value` type.
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            // Check if the new value is within the specified range.
            if newValue < range.lowerBound || newValue > range.upperBound {
                // If not, set the `wrappedValue` property to the closest bound.
                self.wrappedValue = min(max(newValue, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
            } else {
                // Otherwise, set the `wrappedValue` property to the new value.
                self.wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `Comparable` type.
    // The `wrappedValue` property is required to be a `

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    // The `Comparable` conformance is inherited from `Value`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ClampedProtocol` by inheriting `Value`'s `Comparable` conformance.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `Equatable` because `Value` conforms to `Equatable`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByFloatLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByFloatLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByBooleanLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByBooleanLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByUnicodeScalarLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByUnicodeScalarLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByStringLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByStringLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByArrayLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByArrayLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByTupleLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByTupleLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByRawStringLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByRawStringLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `Hashable` because `Value` conforms to `Hashable`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `CustomStringConvertible` because `Value` conforms to `CustomStringConvertible`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `CustomDebugStringConvertible` because `Value` conforms to `CustomDebugStringConvertible`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `DebugStringConvertible` because `Value` conforms to `DebugStringConvertible`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `RawRepresentable` because `Value` conforms to `RawRepresentable`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByFloatLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByFloatLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByBooleanLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByBooleanLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByUnicodeScalarLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByUnicodeScalarLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByStringLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByStringLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByArrayLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByArrayLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByTupleLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByTupleLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByDictionaryLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByRawStringLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByRawStringLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `ExpressibleByLiteral` because `Value` conforms to `ExpressibleByLiteral`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `Hashable` because `Value` conforms to `Hashable`.
    // `Clamped` conforms to `CustomStringConvertible` because `Value` conforms to `CustomStringConvertible`.
    // `Cl

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        assert(lowerBound < upperBound, "Lower bound must be less than upper bound")
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

struct ClampedNumber: ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedString: ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a type-safe wrapper around a ClosedRange.
// It enforces that the lower bound of the range is less than the upper bound.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    init(lowerBound: Value, upperBound: Value) {
        assert(lowerBound < upperBound, "Lower bound must be less than upper bound")
        self.lowerBound = lowerBound
        self.upperBound = upperBound
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the ClampedProtocol.
struct ClampedNumber: ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the ClampedProtocol.
struct ClampedString: ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the ClampedProtocol.
struct ClampedString: ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                return range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                return range.upperBound
            } else {
                return wrappedValue
            }
        }
        set {
            if newValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if newValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            } else {
                wrappedValue = newValue
            }
        }
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the ClampedProtocol.
struct ClampedString: Cl

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to construct the `Logged` instance.
    // It takes a `Value` and a function that logs the event and the value.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `get` accessor logs the `get` event.
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `get` accessor is required to conform to the `LoggedProtocol`.
    func get() -> Value.Value {
        logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
        return wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `set` accessor logs the `set` event.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new `Value` and sets the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor is required to conform to the `LoggedProtocol`.
    mutating func set(newValue: Value.Value) {
        logger(Event.set, newValue)
        wrappedValue = newValue
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to construct the `Logged` instance.
    // It takes a `Value` and a function that logs the event and the value.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `get` accessor logs the `get` event.
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `get` accessor is required to conform to the `LoggedProtocol`.
    func get() -> Value.Value {
        logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
        return wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `set` accessor logs the `set` event.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new `Value` and sets the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor is required to conform to the `LoggedProtocol`.
    mutating func set(newValue: Value.Value) {
        logger(Event.set, newValue)
        wrappedValue = newValue
    }
}

// A `Logged` instance logs the `get` and `set` events.
// The `Logged` instance takes a `String` and a function that logs the event and the value.
let loggedString = Logged(wrappedValue: "Hello, World!", logger: { event, value in
    switch event {
    case.get:
        print("Got \(value)")
    case.set:
        print("Set to \(value)")
    }
})

// The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
loggedString.get()
// Got Hello, World!

// The `set` accessor sets the wrapped value.
loggedString.set("Goodbye, World!")
// Set to Goodbye, World!
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    // The `get` and `set` accessors are provided by the `LoggedProtocol`
    // protocol, so we don't need to implement them ourselves.
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    // The `get` and `set` accessors are provided by the `LoggedProtocol`
    // protocol, so we don't need to implement them ourselves.
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `Int` representation.
struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `Double` representation.
struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `LoggedProtocol` and logs the wrapped value's
// `String` representation.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to `Log

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is a convenience initializer that allows you to
    // create a `Logged<Value>` instance by passing a `Value` instance and a
    // logger function.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are used to access the wrapped property.
    // The `get` accessor calls the `log` function with the `.get` event, and
    // the `set` accessor calls the `log` function with the `.set` event.
    // The `log` function is passed the `Value` instance and the `Event`
    // value, and it calls the `logger` function that was passed to the
    // `Logged` initializer.
    //
    // The `get` accessor returns the `Value` instance, which is then stored
    // in the `self` instance.
    //
    // The `set` accessor returns the `Value` instance, which is then stored
    // in the `self` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    // The `self` instance is then returned, which is then stored in the
    // `Logged<Value>` instance.
    //
    

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    /// The getter for the `Logged` property.
    ///
    /// - Note: This getter is only called when the property is accessed.
    /// - Parameter _getter: The getter closure that is used to get the value of the wrapped property.
    /// - Returns: The value of the wrapped property.
    func getter(_ getter: (Value.Value) -> Value.Value) -> Value.Value {
        logger(Event.get, getter(wrappedValue))
        return getter(wrappedValue)
    }

    /// The setter for the `Logged` property.
    ///
    /// - Note: This setter is only called when the property is modified.
    /// - Parameter _setter: The setter closure that is used to set the value of the wrapped property.
    /// - Parameter newValue: The new value that is set on the wrapped property.
    func setter(_ setter: (Value.Value) -> Value.Value, newValue: Value.Value) {
        logger(Event.set, setter(newValue))
        wrappedValue = setter(newValue)
    }
}

struct LoggedValue<Value: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedStringArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedIntArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDoubleArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    /// The getter for the `Logged` property.
    ///
    /// - Note: This getter is only called when the property is accessed.
    /// - Parameter _getter: The getter closure that is used to get the value of the wrapped property.
    /// - Returns: The value of the wrapped property.
    func getter(_ getter: (Value.Value) -> Value.Value) -> Value.Value {
        logger(Event.get, getter(wrappedValue))
        return getter(wrappedValue)
    }

    /// The setter for the `Logged` property.
    ///
    /// - Note: This setter is only called when the property is modified.
    /// - Parameter _setter: The setter closure that is used to set the value of the wrapped property.
    /// - Parameter newValue: The new value that is set on the wrapped property.
    func setter(_ setter: (Value.Value) -> Value.Value, newValue: Value.Value) {
        logger(Event.set, setter(newValue))
        wrappedValue = setter(newValue)
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedValue<Value: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedStringArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedIntArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedDoubleArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedBoolArray: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
    }
    
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are required to be able to call
    // `self.wrappedValue` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedStruct<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass2<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass3<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass4<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass5<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass6<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass7<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass8<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass9<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedStruct<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass2<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass3<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass4<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass5<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass6<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass7<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass8<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass9<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A class that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
class LoggedClass10<Value> : LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    let wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue(logger: logger)
    }
    
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue`
    // later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.set` later on.
    //
    // The `get` accessor is also required to be able to call `self.wrappedValue.get` later on.
    // The `set` accessor is also required to be able to call

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    // The `Storage` type is a protocol that describes the storage of the wrapped
    // property.
    private struct Storage<T> {
        var value: T
        let logger: @escaping (Event, T) -> Void

        mutating func updateValue(_ newValue: T) {
            logger(Event.set, self.value)
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }

    // The `Storage` type is a protocol that describes the storage of the wrapped
    // property.
    var storage: Storage<Value.Value> {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return Storage(value: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
        }
        set {
            storage.updateValue(newValue.wrappedValue)
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = String
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Int
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Double
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Bool
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedStringArray: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = [String]
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedIntArray: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = [Int]
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    let wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    // The `Storage` type is a protocol that describes the storage of the wrapped
    // property.
    private struct Storage<T> {
        var value: T
        let logger: @escaping (Event, T) -> Void

        mutating func updateValue(_ newValue: T) {
            logger(Event.set, self.value)
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }

    // The `Storage` type is a protocol that describes the storage of the wrapped
    // property.
    var storage: Storage<Value.Value> {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return Storage(value: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
        }
        set {
            storage.updateValue(newValue.wrappedValue)
        }
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = String
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Int
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Double
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = Bool
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedStringArray: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = [String]
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedIntArray: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = [Int]
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// A type that conforms to the `LoggedProtocol` protocol.
struct LoggedDoubleArray: LoggedProtocol {
    // The `Value` associated type is the type of the wrapped property.
    associatedtype Value = [Double]
    // The `init` function is a designated initializer.
    init(wrappedValue

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.wrappedValue.logger = logger
    }
    
    // The `Storage` property is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal var storage: Value.Storage {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue.storage
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue.storage = newValue
        }
    }
    
    // The `Value` property is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal var value: Value.Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue.value
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue.value = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedStruct {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) var value: Int
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` property is accessed
    // or modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` property
    // when the `Logged` property wrapper is used to store a `struct` or `enum`
    // type.
    var storage: Int
}

enum LoggedEnum {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) case value(Int)
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` case is accessed or
    // modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` case when
    // the `Logged` property wrapper is used to store a `struct` or `enum` type.
    var storage: Int
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The `init` function is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.wrappedValue.logger = logger
    }
    
    // The `Storage` property is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal var storage: Value.Storage {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue.storage
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue.storage = newValue
        }
    }
    
    // The `Value` property is required to be `internal` so that the `Logged`
    // property wrapper can be used in other modules.
    internal var value: Value.Value {
        get {
            return self.wrappedValue.value
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue.value = newValue
        }
    }
}

// The `Logged` property wrapper can be used to log access and modification of
// a property.
struct LoggedStruct {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) var value: Int
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` property is accessed
    // or modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` property
    // when the `Logged` property wrapper is used to store a `struct` or `enum`
    // type.
    var storage: Int
}

// The `Logged` property wrapper can be used to log access and modification of
// a property.
enum LoggedEnum {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) case value(Int)
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` case is accessed or
    // modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` case when
    // the `Logged` property wrapper is used to store a `struct` or `enum` type.
    var storage: Int
}

// The `Logged` property wrapper can be used to log access and modification of
// a property.
struct LoggedStruct {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) var value: Int
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` property is accessed
    // or modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` property
    // when the `Logged` property wrapper is used to store a `struct` or `enum`
    // type.
    var storage: Int
}

// The `Logged` property wrapper can be used to log access and modification of
// a property.
enum LoggedEnum {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: storage, logger: logger) case value(Int)
    
    // The `logger` function is called whenever the `value` case is accessed or
    // modified.
    func logger(_ event: Event, value: Int) {
        switch event {
        case.get:
            print("Getting the value \(value)")
        case.set:
            print("Setting the value to \(value)")
        }
    }
    
    // The `storage` property is used to store the value of the `value` case when
    // the `Logged` property wrapper is

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    // The logger function is passed in the initializer.
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    // The `get` and `set` accessors call the logger function.
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor takes a new value and assigns it to the wrapped value.
    // The `set` accessor also calls the logger function.
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // The `get

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: try provider.forecast(for: String(character)))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.failure(city: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text))
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let weatherForecastLabel: UILabel
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, weatherForecastLabel: UILabel) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.weatherForecastLabel = weatherForecastLabel
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            searchBar.text = city
            weatherForecastLabel.text = forecast
        case.failure(let city):
            searchBar.text = city
        }
        return feedback
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    private let applicationController: WeatherApplicationController
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        let application = WeatherApplication(provider: WeatherProvider())
        applicationController = WeatherApplicationController(application: application, searchBar: searchBar, weatherForecastLabel: weatherForecastLabel)
    }
    
    @IBOutlet weak var searchBar: UITextField!
    @IBOutlet weak var weatherForecastLabel: UILabel!
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return applicationController.handle(action: action)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: try provider.forecast(for: String(character)))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.failure(city: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text))
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle application feedback and update search bar text and weather forecast label.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let weatherForecastLabel: UILabel
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, weatherForecastLabel: UILabel) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.weatherForecastLabel = weatherForecastLabel
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            searchBar.text = city
            weatherForecastLabel.text = forecast
        case.failure(let city):
            searchBar.text = city
        }
        return feedback
    }
}

// Weather application view controller.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationController.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    private let applicationController: WeatherApplicationController
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        
        let application = WeatherApplication(provider: WeatherProvider())
        applicationController = WeatherApplicationController(application: application, searchBar: searchBar, weatherForecastLabel: weatherForecastLabel)
    }
    
    @IBOutlet weak var searchBar: UITextField!
    @IBOutlet weak var weatherForecastLabel: UILabel!
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return applicationController.handle(action: action)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBar.text else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let feedback = application.handle(action: action)
        guard let feedback = feedback else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            searchBar.text = city
            updateForecast(forecast: forecast)
        case.failure(let city):
            updateForecast(forecast: "No forecast for city: \(city)")
        }
        return feedback
    }
    
    private func updateForecast(forecast: String) {
        // Update UI here.
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationView: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBar.text else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let feedback = application.handle(action: action)
        guard let feedback = feedback else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            searchBar.text = city
            updateForecast(forecast: forecast)
        case.failure(let city):
            updateForecast(forecast: "No forecast for city: \(city)")
        }
        return feedback
    }
    
    private func updateForecast(forecast: String) {
        // Update UI here.
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationView: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application presenter.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application presenter.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application presenter.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results and weather forecast.
class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application presenter.
// Handle user

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: String(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "sunny")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardCharacterSelect(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardDeleteBackwards)
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.searchButtonPress)
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return weatherApplication.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: String(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "sunny")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and delegate to WeatherApplication.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardCharacterSelect(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardDeleteBackwards)
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.searchButtonPress)
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return weatherApplication.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: String(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "sunny")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and delegate to WeatherApplication.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardCharacterSelect(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.keyboardDeleteBackwards)
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return weatherApplication.handle(action:.searchButtonPress)
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return weatherApplication.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: String(character))
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "sunny")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and delegate to WeatherApplication.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }

    

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return self.handleCharacterSelect(character)
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return self.handleDeleteBackwards()
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return self.handleSearchButtonPress()
        }
    }
    
    private func handleCharacterSelect(_ character: Character) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    private func handleDeleteBackwards() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    private func handleSearchButtonPress() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return self.handleCharacterSelect(character)
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return self.handleDeleteBackwards()
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return self.handleSearchButtonPress()
        }
    }
    
    private func handleCharacterSelect(_ character: Character) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    private func handleDeleteBackwards() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    private func handleSearchButtonPress() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBar.text else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
        return feedback
    }

    func updateUI() {
        guard let city = searchBar.text else { return }
        guard let forecast = application.handle(action:.searchButtonPress) else { return }
        switch forecast {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
        return feedback
    }

    func updateUI() {
        guard let city = searchBar.text else { return }
        guard let forecast = application.handle(action:.searchButtonPress) else { return }
        switch forecast {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBar.text else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and update UI.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
        return feedback
    }

    func updateUI() {
        guard let city = searchBar.text else { return }
        guard let forecast = application.handle(action:.searchButtonPress) else { return }
        switch forecast {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and update UI.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
        return feedback
    }

    func updateUI() {
        guard let city = searchBar.text else { return }
        guard let forecast = application.handle(action:.searchButtonPress) else { return }
        switch forecast {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and update UI.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else { return nil }
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case.failure(let city):
            print("Forecast for \(city) failed")
        }
        return feedback
    }

    func updateUI() {
        guard let city = searchBar.text else { return }
        guard let forecast = application.handle(

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
    private let controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol
    
    init(controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol) {
        self.controller = controller
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return controller.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let viewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol
    
    init(viewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol) {
        self.viewModel = viewModel
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return viewModel.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.view = view
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return view.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol
    
    init(coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol) {
        self.coordinator = coordinator
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return coordinator.handle(action: action)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplication.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationController.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
    private let controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol
    
    init(controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol) {
        self.controller = controller
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return controller.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationViewModel.
class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let viewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol
    
    init(viewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol) {
        self.viewModel = viewModel
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return viewModel.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationView.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.view = view
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return view.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationCoordinator.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol
    
    init(coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol) {
        self.coordinator = coordinator
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return coordinator.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationCoordinator.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol
    
    init(coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol) {
        self.coordinator = coordinator
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return coordinator.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationCoordinator.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol
    
    init(coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol) {
        self.coordinator = coordinator
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return coordinator.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationCoordinator.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol {
    private let coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol
    
    init(coordinator: WeatherApplicationCoordinatorProtocol) {
        self.coordinator = coordinator
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return coordinator.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and pass them to WeatherApplicationCoordinator

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        self.view = view
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "")
        }
    }
    
    func handle(feedback: ApplicationFeedback?) {
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            view.showForecast(for: city, forecast: forecast)
        case.failure(let city):
            view.showError(for: city)
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let view: UIView
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton
    private let forecastLabel: UILabel
    
    init(view: UIView, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton, forecastLabel: UILabel) {
        self.view = view
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
        self.forecastLabel = forecastLabel
    }
    
    func showForecast(for city: String, forecast: String) {
        forecastLabel.text = forecast
    }
    
    func showError(for city: String) {
        forecastLabel.text = "Error: \(city)"
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: "")
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and provide feedback to the view.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, view: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        self.view = view
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "")
        }
    }
    
    func handle(feedback: ApplicationFeedback?) {
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            view.showForecast(for: city, forecast: forecast)
        case.failure(let city):
            view.showError(for: city)
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view.
// Handle user actions and provide feedback to the controller.
class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let view: UIView
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton
    private let forecastLabel: UILabel
    
    init(view: UIView, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton, forecastLabel: UILabel) {
        self.view = view
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
        self.forecastLabel = forecastLabel
    }
    
    func showForecast(for city: String, forecast: String) {
        forecastLabel.text = forecast
    }
    
    func showError(for city: String) {
        forecastLabel.text = "Error: \(city)"
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: "")
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view controller.
// Handle user actions and provide feedback to the controller.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: WeatherApplicationViewControllerProtocol {
    private let view: UIView
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    private let searchButton: UIButton
    private let forecastLabel: UILabel
    private let controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol
    
    init(view: UIView, searchBar: UITextField, searchButton: UIButton, forecastLabel: UILabel, controller: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol) {
        self.view = view
        self.searchBar = searchBar
        self.searchButton = searchButton
        self.forecastLabel = forecastLabel
        self.controller = controller
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: "")
        }
    }
    
    func handle(feedback: ApplicationFeedback?) {
        switch feedback {
        case.success(let city, let forecast):
            forecastLabel.text = forecast
        case.failure(let city):
            forecastLabel.text = "Error: \(city)"
        

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let feedback = application.handle(action: action)
        
        if let feedback = feedback {
            switch feedback {
            case.success(let city, let forecast):
                self.searchBar.text = city
                self.searchBar.textColor =.black
                self.searchBar.text = forecast
                self.searchBar.textColor =.lightGray
            case.failure(let city):
                self.searchBar.text = city
                self.searchBar.textColor =.red
            }
        }
        
        return feedback
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationView: UIView, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: searchBar.text)
                return.success(city: searchBar.text, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: searchBar.text)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let feedback = application.handle(action: action)
        
        if let feedback = feedback {
            switch feedback {
            case.success(let city, let forecast):
                self.searchBar.text = city
                self.searchBar.textColor =.black
                self.searchBar.text = forecast
                self.searchBar.textColor =.lightGray
            case.failure(let city):
                self.searchBar.text = city
                self.searchBar.textColor =.red
            }
        }
        
        return feedback
    }
}

// Weather application view controller.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationView: UIView, WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application presenter.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationPresenter: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application coordinator.
// Handle user actions and update search bar results.
class WeatherApplicationCoordinator: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    private let searchBar: UITextField
    
    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol, searchBar: UITextField) {
        self.application = application
        self.searchBar = searchBar
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return application.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.failure(city: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplication.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplicationController = weatherApplicationController
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplicationController.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
    private let weatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplicationView = weatherApplicationView
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplicationView.handle(action: action)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModel() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
        let weatherApplicationView = WeatherApplicationView(weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationController(weatherApplication: WeatherApplication(provider: WeatherProvider())))
        return WeatherApplicationViewModel(weatherApplicationView: weatherApplicationView)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactory()
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactory()
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory()
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory()
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: String(character), forecast: "")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.failure(city: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application controller.
// Handle user actions and pass them to weather application.
class WeatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol {
    private let weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplication = weatherApplication
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplication.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view.
// Handle user actions and pass them to weather application controller.
class WeatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol {
    private let weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationControllerProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplicationController = weatherApplicationController
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplicationController.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view model.
// Handle user actions and pass them to weather application view.
class WeatherApplicationViewModel: WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
    private let weatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol
    
    init(weatherApplicationView: WeatherApplicationViewProtocol) {
        self.weatherApplicationView = weatherApplicationView
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return weatherApplicationView.handle(action: action)
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory.
// Create weather application view model and weather application view.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModel() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelProtocol {
        let weatherApplicationView = WeatherApplicationView(weatherApplicationController: WeatherApplicationController(weatherApplication: WeatherApplication(provider: WeatherProvider())))
        return WeatherApplicationViewModel(weatherApplicationView: weatherApplicationView)
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactory()
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactory()
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory factory factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactory()
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory factory factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory factory factory factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory()
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory factory factory factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory factory factory factory factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory()
    }
}

// Weather application view model factory factory factory factory factory factory factory.
// Create weather application view model factory factory factory factory factory factory.
class WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory: WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryProtocol {
    func createViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory() -> WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryProtocol {
        return WeatherApplicationViewModelFactoryFactoryFactoryFactoryFactory()