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temp 0.2
top_p 0.95
max_new_tokens 1024
n_completions 10

Solutions

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns standard error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift's built-in error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```

} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    // ...
}

// JSON parser, returns Swift error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws
} // missing return in global function expected to return 'JSON' (aka 'Dictionary<String, Any>')

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: string.data(using: .utf8)!, options: []) as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        return try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: string.data(using: .utf8)!, options: []) as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}
```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as! JSON
    } catch {
        throw ParsingError.internalError(error)
    }
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    do {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: [])
        return json as

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "")
        return "<\(name)\(attributesString.isEmpty ? "" : " \(attributesString)\(childrenString.isEmpty ? "/>" : ">\(childrenString)</\(name)>")"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "")
        return "<\(name)\(attributesString.isEmpty ? "" : " \(attributesString)\(childrenString.isEmpty ? "/>" : ">\(childrenString)</\(name)>")"
    }
}

// Example of usage
let html = HTMLNode.element("div", attributes: ["class": "container"], children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"]),
    HTMLNode.element("p", children: [HTMLNode.text("Hello, SwiftEval!")])
])

let generatedHTML = generate(html)
print(generatedHTML)
```

return "<\(name)\(attributesString.isEmpty ? "" : " \(attributesString)\(childrenString.isEmpty ? "/>" : ">\(childrenString)</\(name)>")" // unterminated string literal
return "<\(name)\(attributesString.isEmpty ? "" : " \(attributesString)\(childrenString.isEmpty ? "/>" : ">\(childrenString)</\(name)>")" // cannot find ')' to match opening '(' in string interpolation

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(childrenString)</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(childrenString)</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example usage
let htmlTree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlString = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlString) // Output: <div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>
```

Start: a ["href": "swifteval"] // XCTAssertEqual failed: (Start: div [:]

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map(generate).joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map(generate).joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example usage:
let htmlTree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlString = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlString)
```

Start: a ["href": "swifteval"] // XCTAssertEqual failed: (Start: div [:]

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example usage
let htmlTree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlString = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlString)
```

Start: a ["href": "swifteval"] // XCTAssertEqual failed: (Start: div [:]

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage:
let htmlTree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlOutput = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlOutput) // Output: <div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map(generate).joined(separator: "")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(childrenString)</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map(generate).joined(separator: "")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(childrenString)</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example usage:
let html = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])
let generatedHTML = generate(html)
print(generatedHTML) // Output: <div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example of usage
let html = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

print(generate(html))
```

Start: a ["href": "swifteval"] // XCTAssertEqual failed: (Start: div [:]

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage:
let htmlTree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlOutput = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlOutput) // Output: <div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<\(name)"
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " \(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</\(name)>"
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage
let htmlTree: HTMLNode = .element("div", children: [
    .element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let htmlOutput = generate(htmlTree)
print(htmlOutput) // Output: <div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case .text(let content):
        return content
    case .element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\($0.key)=\"\($0.value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        let childrenString = children.map { generate($0) }.joined(separator: "\n")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\n\(childrenString)\n</\(name)>"
    }
}

// Example usage
let tree = HTMLNode.element("div", children: [
    HTMLNode.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])
])

let html = generate(tree)
print(html)
```

Start: a ["href": "swifteval"] // XCTAssertEqual failed: (Start: div [:]

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.popLast(), operatorToken != "(" {
                let right = stack.popLast()!
                let left = stack.popLast()!
                let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
                stack.append(result)
            }
        } else {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, precedence(operatorToken) >= precedence(token) {
                let right = stack.popLast()!
                let left = stack.popLast()!
                let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.append(token)
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.popLast() {
        let right = stack.popLast()!
        let left = stack.popLast()!
        let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    guard let result = stack.popLast() else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return result
}

func performOperation(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operatorToken: String) throws -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        guard right != 0 else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        return left / right
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}

func precedence(_ operatorToken: String) -> Int {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+", "-":
        return 1
    case "*", "/":
        return 2
    default:
        return 0
    }
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.popLast(), operatorToken != "(" {
                let right = stack.popLast()!
                let left = stack.popLast()!
                let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
                stack.append(result)
            }
        } else {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, precedence(operatorToken) >= precedence(token) {
                let right = stack.popLast()!
                let left = stack.popLast()!
                let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.append(token)
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.popLast() {
        let right = stack.popLast()!
        let left = stack.popLast()!
        let result = try performOperation(left, right, operatorToken)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    guard let result = stack.popLast() else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return result
}

// Helper function to perform an operation on two numbers.
func performOperation(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operatorToken: String) throws -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        guard right != 0 else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        return left / right
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}

// Helper function to get the precedence of an operator.
func precedence(_ operatorToken: String) -> Int {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+", "-":
        return 1
    case "*", "/":
        return 2
    default:
        return 0
    }
}
```

operators.append(token) // cannot convert value of type 'String.SubSequence' (aka 'Substring') to expected argument type 'String'
while let operatorToken = operators.last, precedence(operatorToken) >= precedence(token) { // cannot convert value of type 'String.SubSequence' (aka 'Substring') to expected argument type 'String'
operators.append(token) // cannot convert value of type 'String.SubSequence' (aka 'Substring') to expected argument type 'String'

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let postfix = try infixToPostfix(tokens)
    return try evaluatePostfix(postfix)
}

func infixToPostfix(_ tokens: [Substring]) throws -> [Substring] {
    var stack: [Substring] = []
    var output: [Substring] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            output.append(token)
        } else if token == "(" {
            stack.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let top = stack.last, top != "(" {
                output.append(stack.removeLast())
            }
            if let top = stack.last, top == "(" {
                stack.removeLast()
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        } else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) {
            while let top = stack.last, let topOperator = Operator(rawValue: top), topOperator.precedence >= operatorToken.precedence {
                output.append(stack.removeLast())
            }
            stack.append(token)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let top = stack.last {
        if top == "(" {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        output.append(stack.removeLast())
    }
    
    return output
}

func evaluatePostfix(_ postfix: [Substring]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in postfix {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) {
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            let result = try operatorToken.evaluate(left, right)
            stack.append(result)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

enum Operator: String {
    case addition = "+"
    case subtraction = "-"
    case multiplication = "*"
    case division = "/"
    
    var precedence: Int {
        switch self {
        case .addition, .subtraction:
            return 1
        case .multiplication, .division:
            return 2
        }
    }
    
    func evaluate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double) throws -> Double {
        switch self {
        case .addition:
            return left + right
        case .subtraction:
            return left - right
        case .multiplication:
            return left * right
        case .division:
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            return left / right
        }
    }
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let postfix = try infixToPostfix(tokens)
    return try evaluatePostfix(postfix)
}

// Convert infix expression to postfix.
// Example: "2+2*2" -> ["2", "2", "2", "*", "+"]
func infixToPostfix(_ tokens: [Substring]) throws -> [Substring] {
    var stack: [Substring] = []
    var output: [Substring] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            output.append(token)
        } else if token == "(" {
            stack.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let top = stack.last, top != "(" {
                output.append(stack.removeLast())
            }
            if let top = stack.last, top == "(" {
                stack.removeLast()
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        } else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) {
            while let top = stack.last, let topOperator = Operator(rawValue: top), topOperator.precedence >= operatorToken.precedence {
                output.append(stack.removeLast())
            }
            stack.append(token)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let top = stack.last {
        if top == "(" {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        output.append(stack.removeLast())
    }
    
    return output
}

// Evaluate postfix expression.
// Example: ["2", "2", "2", "*", "+"] -> 6
func evaluatePostfix(_ postfix: [Substring]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    
    for token in postfix {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) {
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            let result = try operatorToken.evaluate(left, right)
            stack.append(result)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

// Operator enum with precedence and evaluation function.
enum Operator: String {
    case addition = "+"
    case subtraction = "-"
    case multiplication = "*"
    case division = "/"
    
    var precedence: Int {
        switch self {
        case .addition, .subtraction:
            return 1
        case .multiplication, .division:
            return 2
        }
    }
    
    func evaluate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double) throws -> Double {
        switch self {
        case .addition:
            return left + right
        case .subtraction:
            return left - right
        case .multiplication:
            return left * right
        case .division:
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            return left / right
        }
    }
}
```

} else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) { // cannot convert value of type 'Substring' to expected argument type 'String'
while let top = stack.last, let topOperator = Operator(rawValue: top), topOperator.precedence >= operatorToken.precedence { // cannot convert value of type 'Substring' to expected argument type 'String'
} else if let operatorToken = Operator(rawValue: token) { // cannot convert value of type 'Substring' to expected argument type 'String'

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try calculate("2+2*2")
    print(result) // Output: 6.0
} catch CalculateError.invalidInput {
    print("Invalid input")
}
```

 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    guard !tokens.isEmpty else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else {
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            default:
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.first!
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    guard !tokens.isEmpty else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else {
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            default:
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    return stack.first!
}
```

 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var currentNumber = ""
    var currentOperator: String? = nil
    
    for char in string {
        if char.isNumber || char == "." {
            currentNumber.append(char)
        } else if char == "(" {
            stack.append(Double(currentNumber) ?? 0)
            currentNumber = ""
            stack.append(Double(currentOperator) ?? 0)
            currentOperator = nil
        } else if char == ")" {
            let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
            stack.append(result)
            currentNumber = ""
            currentOperator = nil
        } else if char == "+" || char == "-" || char == "*" || char == "/" {
            if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) {
                let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
                stack.append(result)
            }
            currentOperator = String(char)
            currentNumber = ""
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) {
        let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    if stack.count != 1 {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

func calculate(_ stack: [Double], _ currentNumber: String) -> Double {
    let number = Double(currentNumber) ?? 0
    let operatorValue = stack.last ?? 0
    
    switch operatorValue {
    case 0:
        return number
    case 1:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] + number
    case 2:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] - number
    case 3:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] * number
    case 4:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] / number
    default:
        return 0
    }
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var currentNumber = ""
    var currentOperator: String? = nil
    
    for char in string {
        if char.isNumber || char == "." {
            currentNumber.append(char)
        } else if char == "(" {
            stack.append(Double(currentNumber) ?? 0)
            currentNumber = ""
            stack.append(Double(currentOperator) ?? 0)
            currentOperator = nil
        } else if char == ")" {
            let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
            stack.append(result)
            currentNumber = ""
            currentOperator = nil
        } else if char == "+" || char == "-" || char == "*" || char == "/" {
            if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) {
                let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
                stack.append(result)
            }
            currentOperator = String(char)
            currentNumber = ""
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) {
        let result = calculate(stack, currentNumber)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    if stack.count != 1 {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

// Helper function to calculate the result of a sub-expression.
func calculate(_ stack: [Double], _ currentNumber: String) -> Double {
    let number = Double(currentNumber) ?? 0
    let operatorValue = stack.last ?? 0
    
    switch operatorValue {
    case 0:
        return number
    case 1:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] + number
    case 2:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] - number
    case 3:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] * number
    case 4:
        return stack[stack.count - 2] / number
    default:
        return 0
    }
}
```

stack.append(Double(currentOperator) ?? 0) // value of optional type 'String?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'String'
if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) { // value of optional type 'String?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'String'
if let operatorValue = Double(currentOperator) { // value of optional type 'String?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'String'

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    var stack = [Double]()
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```

 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            guard right != 0 else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(left / right)
        default:
            guard let number = Double(token) else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            stack.append(number)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```

 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    let tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, operatorToken != "(" {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = try performOperation(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.removeLast() // Remove "("
        } else if let operatorToken = token as? String, let operatorIndex = ["+", "-", "*", "/"].firstIndex(of: operatorToken) {
            while let lastOperator = operators.last, let lastOperatorIndex = ["+", "-", "*", "/"].firstIndex(of: lastOperator), lastOperatorIndex >= operatorIndex {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = try performOperation(lastOperator, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.append(token)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.last {
        let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let result = try performOperation(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
        stack.append(result)
        operators.removeLast()
    }
    
    guard let result = stack.last else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return result
}

func performOperation(_ operatorToken: String, _ leftOperand: Double, _ rightOperand: Double) throws -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return leftOperand + rightOperand
    case "-":
        return leftOperand - rightOperand
    case "*":
        return leftOperand * rightOperand
    case "/":
        guard rightOperand != 0 else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        return leftOperand / rightOperand
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    let tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, operatorToken != "(" {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = try performOperation(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.removeLast() // Remove "("
        } else if let operatorToken = token as? String, let operatorIndex = ["+", "-", "*", "/"].firstIndex(of: operatorToken) {
            while let lastOperator = operators.last, let lastOperatorIndex = ["+", "-", "*", "/"].firstIndex(of: lastOperator), lastOperatorIndex >= operatorIndex {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = try performOperation(lastOperator, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.append(token)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.last {
        let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let result = try performOperation(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
        stack.append(result)
        operators.removeLast()
    }
    
    guard let result = stack.last else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return result
}

// Perform operation on two operands.
func performOperation(_ operatorToken: String, _ leftOperand: Double, _ rightOperand: Double) throws -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return leftOperand + rightOperand
    case "-":
        return leftOperand - rightOperand
    case "*":
        return leftOperand * rightOperand
    case "/":
        guard rightOperand != 0 else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
        return leftOperand / rightOperand
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}
```

} else if let operatorToken = token as? String, let operatorIndex = ["+", "-", "*", "/"].firstIndex(of: operatorToken) { // conditional cast from 'String' to 'String' always succeeds
 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else {
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            default:
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    guard tokens.count > 0 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else {
            guard let right = stack.popLast(), let left = stack.popLast() else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
            switch token {
            case "+":
                stack.append(left + right)
            case "-":
                stack.append(left - right)
            case "*":
                stack.append(left * right)
            case "/":
                stack.append(left / right)
            default:
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    return stack[0]
}
```

 // Fatal error: Error raised at top level: Solution.CalculateError.invalidInput

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    tokens.removeAll(where: { $0.isEmpty })
    
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, operatorToken != "(" {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = applyOperator(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.removeLast() // Remove "("
        } else if let operatorToken = token as? String {
            while let lastOperator = operators.last, precedence(operatorToken) <= precedence(lastOperator) {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = applyOperator(operators.removeLast(), leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
            }
            operators.append(operatorToken)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.last {
        let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let result = applyOperator(operators.removeLast(), leftOperand, rightOperand)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

func applyOperator(_ operatorToken: String, _ leftOperand: Double, _ rightOperand: Double) -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return leftOperand + rightOperand
    case "-":
        return leftOperand - rightOperand
    case "*":
        return leftOperand * rightOperand
    case "/":
        return leftOperand / rightOperand
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}

func precedence(_ operatorToken: String) -> Int {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+", "-":
        return 1
    case "*", "/":
        return 2
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}
```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    var tokens = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "+-*/()").inverted)
    tokens.removeAll(where: { $0.isEmpty })
    
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var operators: [String] = []
    
    for token in tokens {
        if let number = Double(token) {
            stack.append(number)
        } else if token == "(" {
            operators.append(token)
        } else if token == ")" {
            while let operatorToken = operators.last, operatorToken != "(" {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = applyOperator(operatorToken, leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
                operators.removeLast()
            }
            operators.removeLast() // Remove "("
        } else if let operatorToken = token as? String {
            while let lastOperator = operators.last, precedence(operatorToken) <= precedence(lastOperator) {
                let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
                let result = applyOperator(operators.removeLast(), leftOperand, rightOperand)
                stack.append(result)
            }
            operators.append(operatorToken)
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }
    
    while let operatorToken = operators.last {
        let rightOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let leftOperand = stack.removeLast()
        let result = applyOperator(operators.removeLast(), leftOperand, rightOperand)
        stack.append(result)
    }
    
    guard stack.count == 1 else {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    
    return stack[0]
}

// Apply operator to operands.
func applyOperator(_ operatorToken: String, _ leftOperand: Double, _ rightOperand: Double) -> Double {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+":
        return leftOperand + rightOperand
    case "-":
        return leftOperand - rightOperand
    case "*":
        return leftOperand * rightOperand
    case "/":
        return leftOperand / rightOperand
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}

// Get precedence of operator.
func precedence(_ operatorToken: String) -> Int {
    switch operatorToken {
    case "+", "-":
        return 1
    case "*", "/":
        return 2
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}
```

} else if let operatorToken = token as? String { // conditional cast from 'String' to 'String' always succeeds
while let operatorToken = operators.last { // value 'operatorToken' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test
 // Fatal error: Can't remove last element from an empty collection

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(task.terminationReason))
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(task.terminationReason))
}

// Example usage:
let (stdout, stderr) = execute(binary: "/path/to/binary", arguments: ["arg1", "arg2"])
print("stdout: \(stdout)")
print("stderr: \(stderr)")
```

return (output, String(task.terminationReason)) // no exact matches in call to initializer

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    
    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    
    return (output, error)
}

// Example usage:
let (stdout, stderr) = execute(binary: "/usr/bin/ls", arguments: ["-l"])
print("stdout: \(stdout)")
print("stderr: \(stderr)")
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, String(data: pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: .utf8) ?? "")
}
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments

    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe

    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe

    task.launch()

    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""

    task.waitUntilExit()

    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments

    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe

    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe

    task.launch()

    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""

    task.waitUntilExit()

    return (output, error)
}

// Example usage:
let (stdout, stderr) = execute(binary: "/usr/bin/ls", arguments: ["-l"])
print("stdout: \(stdout)")
print("stderr: \(stderr)")
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments

    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe

    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe

    task.launch()

    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    task.waitUntilExit()

    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""

    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments

    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe

    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe

    task.launch()

    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    task.waitUntilExit()

    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""

    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}
```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    let outputPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = outputPipe
    let errorPipe = Pipe()
    task.standardError = errorPipe
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: outputData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    let error = String(data: errorData, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    return (output, error)
}

// Example usage:
let (stdout, stderr) = execute(binary: "/path/to/binary", arguments: ["arg1", "arg2"])
print("stdout: \(stdout)")
print("stderr: \(stderr)")
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage of memoization function
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage of memoization function.
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(input)
            cache[input] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    } else {
        return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
    }
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55 (cached result)
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}
```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let cachedResult = cache[input] {
            return cachedResult
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fibonacci = memoize { (n: Int) -> Int in
    if n <= 1 {
        return n
    }
    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)
}

print(fibonacci(10)) // Output: 55
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform a task that may fail
        // ...
        return "Success!"
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print("Failed after 3 attempts: \(error)")
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform some task that may fail
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print("Failed after 3 attempts: \(error)")
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform some task that may fail
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print("Failed after 3 attempts: \(error)")
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error here
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error here
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform task here
        throw NSError(domain: "com.example.task", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed"])
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print(error.localizedDescription)
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            return result!
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            return result!
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform a task that may fail
        // ...
    }
    // Use the result
    // ...
} catch {
    // Handle the error
    // ...
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform task that may fail
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print("Failed after 3 attempts: \(error)")
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            // Handle error
        }
    }
    guard let result = result else {
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
    }
    return result
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            // Handle error
        }
    }
    guard let result = result else {
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
    }
    return result
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform task
        return "Success"
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print(error.localizedDescription)
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var result: T?
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            result = try task()
            break
        } catch {
            error = error
        }
    }
    if let result = result {
        return result
    } else {
        throw error!
    }
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform some task that may fail
        throw NSError(domain: "com.example", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed"])
    }
    print("Task succeeded with result: \(result)")
} catch {
    print("Task failed with error: \(error)")
}
```

error = error // cannot assign to value: 'error' is immutable

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed after \(attempts) attempts"])
}

// Example usage
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Task that may fail
    }
    // Use result
} catch {
    // Handle error
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error and retry
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Retry failed"])
}
```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        do {
            return try task()
        } catch {
            // Handle error and retry
        }
    }
    throw NSError(domain: "com.example.retry", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Retry failed"])
}

// Example usage:
do {
    let result = try retry(attempts: 3) {
        // Perform task that may fail
        throw NSError(domain: "com.example.task", code: 1, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "Task failed"])
    }
    print(result)
} catch {
    print(error)
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        factories[type] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        factories[type] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(String.self) { "Hello, World!" }
let greeting = container.resolve(String.self)
print(greeting ?? "No greeting found.")
```

private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:] // type 'any Any.Type' does not conform to protocol 'Hashable'
factories[type] = factory // type 'any Any.Type' cannot conform to 'Hashable'
guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil } // type 'any Any.Type' cannot conform to 'Hashable'

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        factories[type] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        factories[type] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let instance = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

private var factories: [Any.Type: () -> Any] = [:] // type 'any Any.Type' does not conform to protocol 'Hashable'
factories[type] = factory // type 'any Any.Type' cannot conform to 'Hashable'
guard let factory = factories[type] else { return nil } // type 'any Any.Type' cannot conform to 'Hashable'

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let instance = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = { factory() as Any }
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = { factory() as Any }
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let instance = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let instance = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()

// Register a dependency.
container.register(MyDependency.self) { MyDependency() }

// Resolve a dependency.
if let dependency = container.resolve(MyDependency.self) {
    // Use the dependency.
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let myClass = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

if let myClass = container.resolve(MyClass.self) {
    // Use myClass
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}
```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var factories: [String: () -> Any] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        factories[key] = factory
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        let key = String(describing: type)
        guard let factory = factories[key] else { return nil }
        return factory() as? T
    }
}

// Example usage:
let container = DIContainer()
container.register(MyClass.self) { MyClass() }

let myClass = container.resolve(MyClass.self)
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let fsm = StateMachine(state: "off")
fsm.registerTransition(from: "off", to: "on", event: "turnOn")
fsm.registerTransition(from: "on", to: "off", event: "turnOff")

fsm.trigger(event: "turnOn") // Output: No transition defined for event turnOn from state off
fsm.trigger(event: "turnOff") // Output: No transition defined for event turnOff from state off
fsm.trigger(event: "turnOn") // Output: No transition defined for event turnOn from state off
fsm.trigger(event: "turnOff") // Output: No transition defined for event turnOff from state off
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let machine = StateMachine(state: "Off")
machine.registerTransition(from: "Off", to: "On", event: "TurnOn")
machine.registerTransition(from: "On", to: "Off", event: "TurnOff")

machine.trigger(event: "TurnOn")
print(machine.state) // Output: On

machine.trigger(event: "TurnOff")
print(machine.state) // Output: Off
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("Invalid event \(event) for current state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("Invalid event \(event) for current state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: .idle)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .idle, to: .loading, event: .start)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loading, to: .loaded, event: .finish)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loaded, to: .idle, event: .reset)

stateMachine.trigger(event: .start) // Current state: loading
stateMachine.trigger(event: .finish) // Current state: loaded
stateMachine.trigger(event: .reset) // Current state: idle
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if transitions[from] == nil {
            transitions[from] = [:]
        }
        transitions[from]?[event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition defined for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if transitions[from] == nil {
            transitions[from] = [:]
        }
        transitions[from]?[event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: .idle)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .idle, to: .loading, event: .start)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loading, to: .success, event: .complete)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loading, to: .failure, event: .error)

stateMachine.trigger(event: .start)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: loading

stateMachine.trigger(event: .complete)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: success

stateMachine.trigger(event: .error)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: failure
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    var state: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[state]?[event] else {
            print("No transition registered for event \(event) from state \(state)")
            return
        }
        state = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    var state: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let next = transitions[state]?[event] else {
            print("No transition registered for event \(event) from state \(state)")
            return
        }
        state = next
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    var state: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] else {
            print("No transition registered for event \(event) from state \(state)")
            return
        }
        state = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    var state: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[state]?[event] else {
            print("No transition registered for event \(event) from state \(state)")
            return
        }
        state = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] {
            currentState = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if transitions[from] == nil {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        } else {
            transitions[from]?[event] = to
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] {
            currentState = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if transitions[from] == nil {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        } else {
            transitions[from]?[event] = to
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: "Idle")
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: "Idle", to: "Running", event: "Start")
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: "Running", to: "Idle", event: "Stop")
stateMachine.trigger(event: "Start")
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: Running
stateMachine.trigger(event: "Stop")
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: Idle
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition found for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        guard let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] else {
            print("No transition found for event \(event) from state \(currentState)")
            return
        }
        currentState = nextState
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: .idle)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .idle, to: .loading, event: .start)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loading, to: .loaded, event: .finish)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loaded, to: .idle, event: .reset)

stateMachine.trigger(event: .start)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: loading

stateMachine.trigger(event: .finish)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: loaded

stateMachine.trigger(event: .reset)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: idle
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] {
            currentState = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}
```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<States: Hashable, Events: Hashable>: StateMachineProtocol {
    typealias State = States
    typealias Event = Events
    
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    private var currentState: State
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.currentState = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        return currentState
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let nextState = transitions[currentState]?[event] {
            currentState = nextState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        transitions[from, default: [:]][event] = to
    }
}

// Example usage
let stateMachine = StateMachine(state: .idle)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .idle, to: .loading, event: .start)
stateMachine.registerTransition(from: .loading, to: .loaded, event: .finish)
stateMachine.trigger(event: .start)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: loading
stateMachine.trigger(event: .finish)
print(stateMachine.state) // Output: loaded
```

init(state: State) { // initializer requirement 'init(state:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StateMachine<States, Events>'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(
    name: "root",
    contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 1024),
        FileSystemNode.directory(
            name: "subdir1",
            contents: [
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 2048),
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 3072)
            ]
        ),
        FileSystemNode.directory(
            name: "subdir2",
            contents: [
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file4.txt", size: 4096),
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file5.txt", size: 5120)
            ]
        )
    ]
)

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize) bytes")
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)")
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)")
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(
    name: "root",
    contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
        FileSystemNode.directory(
            name: "subdir1",
            contents: [
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
                FileSystemNode.directory(
                    name: "subdir2",
                    contents: [
                        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
                    ]
                )
            ]
        ),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file4.txt", size: 400)
    ]
)

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize)")
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)")
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)")
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
    ])
])

print(fileSystem.totalSize) // Output: 600
print(fileSystem.filesCount) // Output: 3
print(fileSystem.treeDepth) // Output: 2
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
    ])
])

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize)")
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)")
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)")
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir1", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
    ]),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir2", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file4.txt", size: 400),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file5.txt", size: 500)
    ])
])

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize)") // Output: Total size: 1500
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)") // Output: Files count: 5
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)") // Output: Tree depth: 3
```

return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir1", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir2", contents: [
            FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
        ])
    ])
])

print(fileSystem.totalSize) // Output: 600
print(fileSystem.filesCount) // Output: 3
print(fileSystem.treeDepth) // Output: 3
```

return 1 + contents.max(by: { $0.treeDepth < $1.treeDepth })?.treeDepth ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file:
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(
    name: "root",
    contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
        FileSystemNode.directory(
            name: "subdir",
            contents: [
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
                FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
            ]
        )
    ]
)

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize)") // Output: Total size: 600
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)") // Output: Files count: 3
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)") // Output: Tree depth: 3
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
    ])
])

print(fileSystem.totalSize) // Output: 600
print(fileSystem.filesCount) // Output: 3
print(fileSystem.treeDepth) // Output: 2
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 1024),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 2048),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 3072)
    ])
])

print("Total size: \(fileSystem.totalSize) bytes")
print("Files count: \(fileSystem.filesCount)")
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystem.treeDepth)")
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}
```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, let size):
            return size
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case .file(_, _):
            return 1
        case .directory(_, let contents):
            return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let fileSystem = FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1.txt", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2.txt", size: 200),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3.txt", size: 300)
    ])
])

print(fileSystem.totalSize) // Output: 600
print(fileSystem.filesCount) // Output: 3
print(fileSystem.treeDepth) // Output: 2
```

return 1 + contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max() ?? 0 // value of optional type 'Int?' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Int'

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class IntegerStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Int
    private var elements: [Int] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Int) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Int? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class StringStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = String
    private var elements: [String] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: String) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> String? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class BooleanStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Bool
    private var elements: [Bool] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Bool) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Bool? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class DoubleStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Double
    private var elements: [Double] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Double) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Double? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class FloatStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Float
    private var elements: [Float] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Float) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Float? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class CharacterStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Character
    private var elements: [Character] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Character) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Character? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class ArrayStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = [Element]
    private var elements: [[Element]] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: [Element]) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> [Element]? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class DictionaryStack<Key: Hashable, Value>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = [Key: Value]
    private var elements: [[Key: Value]] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: [Key: Value]) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> [Key: Value]? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class SetStack<Element: Hashable>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Set<Element>
    private var elements: [Set<Element>] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Set<Element>) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Set<Element>? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class TupleStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = (Element, Element)
    private var elements: [(Element, Element)] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: (Element, Element)) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> (Element, Element)? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class OptionalStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Element?
    private var elements: [Element?] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element?) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class ClosureStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = (Element) -> Void
    private var elements: [(Element) -> Void] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: (Element) -> Void) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> (Element) -> Void? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept integers.
class IntegerStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Int
    private var elements: [Int] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Int) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Int? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept strings.
class StringStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = String
    private var elements: [String] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: String) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> String? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept booleans.
class BooleanStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Bool
    private var elements: [Bool] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Bool) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Bool? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept doubles.
class DoubleStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Double
    private var elements: [Double] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Double) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Double? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept floats.
class FloatStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Float
    private var elements: [Float] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Float) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Float? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept characters.
class CharacterStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Character
    private var elements: [Character] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Character) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Character? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept arrays.
class ArrayStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = [Element]
    private var elements: [[Element]] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: [Element]) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> [Element]? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept dictionaries.
class DictionaryStack<Key: Hashable, Value>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = [Key: Value]
    private var elements: [[Key: Value]] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: [Key: Value]) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> [Key: Value]? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept sets.
class SetStack<Element: Hashable>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Set<Element>
    private var elements: [Set<Element>] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Set<Element>) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Set<Element>? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept tuples.
class TupleStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = (Element, Element)
    private var elements: [(Element, Element)] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: (Element, Element)) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> (Element, Element)? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept optionals.
class OptionalStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Element?
    private var elements: [Element?] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element?) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that only accept closures.
class ClosureStack<Element>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = (Element) -> Void
    private var elements: [(Element) -> Void] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: (Element) -> Void) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> (Element) -> Void? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'IntegerStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'StringStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'BooleanStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'DoubleStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'FloatStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'CharacterStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ArrayStack<Element>'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'DictionaryStack<Key, Value>'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'SetStack<Element>'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'TupleStack<Element>'
class OptionalStack<Element>: StackProtocol { // type 'OptionalStack<Element>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'OptionalStack<Element>'
return elements.popLast() // value of optional type 'Element??' must be unwrapped to a value of type 'Element?'
class ClosureStack<Element>: StackProtocol { // type 'ClosureStack<Element>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ClosureStack<Element>'
elements.append(element) // converting non-escaping parameter 'element' to generic parameter 'Element' may allow it to escape
return elements.popLast() // value of optional type '((Element) -> Void)?' must be unwrapped to a value of type '(Element) -> Void'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack of integers.
let intStack = Stack<Int>()
intStack.push(1)
intStack.push(2)
intStack.push(3)
print(intStack.pop() ?? "Stack is empty") // Output: 3

// Stack of strings.
let stringStack = Stack<String>()
stringStack.push("Hello")
stringStack.push("World")
print(stringStack.pop() ?? "Stack is empty") // Output: World
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class IntStack: Stack<Int> {
    init() {}
}

class StringStack: Stack<String> {
    init() {}
}

class CustomObjectStack: Stack<CustomObject> {
    init() {}
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions for integers.
class IntStack: Stack<Int> {
    init() {}
}

// Stack with push and pop functions for strings.
class StringStack: Stack<String> {
    init() {}
}

// Stack with push and pop functions for custom objects.
class CustomObjectStack: Stack<CustomObject> {
    init() {}
}
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
init() {} // overriding declaration requires an 'override' keyword
init() {} // overriding declaration requires an 'override' keyword
class CustomObjectStack: Stack<CustomObject> { // cannot find type 'CustomObject' in scope
init() {} // overriding declaration requires an 'override' keyword
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class CustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = String
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class AnotherCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Int
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class YetAnotherCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Double
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class OneMoreCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Bool
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class LastCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Character
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions and a custom type.
class CustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = String
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions and a custom type.
class AnotherCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Int
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions and a custom type.
class YetAnotherCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Double
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions and a custom type.
class OneMoreCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Bool
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions and a custom type.
class LastCustomStack: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = Character
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'CustomStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'AnotherCustomStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'YetAnotherCustomStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'OneMoreCustomStack'
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'LastCustomStack'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack of integers.
let intStack = Stack<Int>()
intStack.push(1)
intStack.push(2)
intStack.push(3)
print(intStack.pop()) // Output: Optional(3)

// Stack of strings.
let stringStack = Stack<String>()
stringStack.push("Hello")
stringStack.push("World")
print(stringStack.pop()) // Output: Optional("World")
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    var elements: [ElementType] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    var elements: [ElementType] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack of integers.
let intStack = Stack<Int>()
intStack.push(1)
intStack.push(2)
intStack.push(3)
print(intStack.pop()) // Output: 3

// Stack of strings.
let stringStack = Stack<String>()
stringStack.push("Hello")
stringStack.push("World")
print(stringStack.pop()) // Output: World
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class LimitedStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    private let limit: Int
    
    init(limit: Int) {
        self.limit = limit
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < limit {
            elements.append(element)
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class CustomErrorStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    private let limit: Int
    
    init(limit: Int) {
        self.limit = limit
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < limit {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            throw CustomError.stackFull
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

enum CustomError: Error {
    case stackFull
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions and a limit.
class LimitedStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    private let limit: Int
    
    init(limit: Int) {
        self.limit = limit
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < limit {
            elements.append(element)
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions and a limit and a custom error type.
class CustomErrorStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    private let limit: Int
    
    init(limit: Int) {
        self.limit = limit
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < limit {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            throw CustomError.stackFull
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

enum CustomError: Error {
    case stackFull
}
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
class LimitedStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol { // type 'LimitedStack<ElementType>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
class CustomErrorStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol { // type 'CustomErrorStack<ElementType>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
throw CustomError.stackFull // error is not handled because the enclosing function is not declared 'throws'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class PeekableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func peek() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.last
    }
}

class EmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
}

class FullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}

class EmptyAndFullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports peeking at the top element.
class PeekableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func peek() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.last
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is empty.
class EmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is full.
class FullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is empty or full.
class EmptyAndFullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
return elements.last // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.isEmpty // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
if elements.count < capacity { // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.count == capacity // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
if elements.count < capacity { // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.isEmpty // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.count == capacity // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class FixedCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element]
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: capacity)
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class MaxCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element]
    private let maxCapacity: Int
    
    init(maxCapacity: Int) {
        self.maxCapacity = maxCapacity
        self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: maxCapacity)
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < maxCapacity {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with a fixed capacity.
class FixedCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element]
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: capacity)
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with a maximum capacity.
class MaxCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element]
    private let maxCapacity: Int
    
    init(maxCapacity: Int) {
        self.maxCapacity = maxCapacity
        self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: maxCapacity)
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        if elements.count < maxCapacity {
            elements.append(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full. Cannot push element.")
        }
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}
```

init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
class FixedCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol { // type 'FixedCapacityStack<ElementType>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: capacity) // type 'FixedCapacityStack<ElementType>.Element' (aka 'ElementType') has no member 'init'
class MaxCapacityStack<ElementType>: StackProtocol { // type 'MaxCapacityStack<ElementType>' does not conform to protocol 'StackProtocol'
self.elements = Array(repeating: Element(), count: maxCapacity) // type 'MaxCapacityStack<ElementType>.Element' (aka 'ElementType') has no member 'init'
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

class PeekableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func peek() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.last
    }
}

class EmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
}

class FullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        super.init()
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full")
        }
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}

class FullAndEmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        super.init()
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full")
        }
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}
```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<ElementType>: StackProtocol {
    typealias Element = ElementType
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.popLast()
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports peeking at the top element.
class PeekableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func peek() -> ElementType? {
        return elements.last
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is empty.
class EmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        super.push(element)
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is full.
class FullCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        super.init()
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full")
        }
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}

// Stack with push and pop functions that also supports checking if the stack is full and empty.
class FullAndEmptyCheckableStack<ElementType>: Stack<ElementType> {
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        super.init()
    }
    
    override func push(_ element: ElementType) {
        if elements.count < capacity {
            super.push(element)
        } else {
            print("Stack is full")
        }
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return elements.isEmpty
    }
    
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return elements.count == capacity
    }
}
```
init() {} // initializer requirement 'init()' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Stack<ElementType>'
return elements.last // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.isEmpty // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
if elements.count < capacity { // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.count == capacity // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
if elements.count < capacity { // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.isEmpty // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
return elements.count == capacity // 'elements' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
var stack = Stack<Int>() // variable 'stack' was never mutated; consider changing to 'let' constant

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
            }
            order.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if cache.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                    order.remove(at: 0)
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
            }
            order.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if cache.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                    order.remove(at: 0)
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["a"] = 1
cache["b"] = 2
cache["c"] = 3
print(cache["a"]) // Output: Optional(1)
cache["d"] = 4
print(cache["a"]) // Output: nil
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
            }
            order.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if cache.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                    order.removeFirst()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
            }
            order.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if cache.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                    order.removeFirst()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["one"] = 1
cache["two"] = 2
cache["three"] = 3
print(cache["one"]) // Output: Optional(1)
print(cache["two"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["three"]) // Output: Optional(3)
cache["four"] = 4
print(cache["one"]) // Output: nil
print(cache["two"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["three"]) // Output: Optional(3)
print(cache["four"]) // Output: Optional(4)
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if order.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        order.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if order.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        order.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["a"] = 1
cache["b"] = 2
cache["c"] = 3
print(cache["a"]) // Output: Optional(1)
print(cache["b"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["c"]) // Output: Optional(3)
cache["d"] = 4
print(cache["a"]) // Output: nil
print(cache["b"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["c"]) // Output: Optional(3)
print(cache["d"]) // Output: Optional(4)
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            queue.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            queue.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if order.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                        cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                        order.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if order.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = order.first {
                        cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                        order.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["one"] = 1
cache["two"] = 2
cache["three"] = 3
print(cache["one"]) // Output: Optional(1)
cache["four"] = 4 // "one" is removed from the cache
print(cache["one"]) // Output: nil
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if cache.count == capacity {
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: order.removeFirst())
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var order: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                order.remove(at: index)
                order.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = order.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    order.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if cache.count == capacity {
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: order.removeFirst())
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            order.append(key)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["one"] = 1
cache["two"] = 2
cache["three"] = 3
print(cache["one"]) // Output: 1
cache["four"] = 4 // "one" is removed from the cache
print(cache["one"]) // Output: nil
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var keys: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
                keys.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
            }
            keys.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if keys.count > capacity {
                let keyToRemove = keys.removeFirst()
                cache[keyToRemove] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var keys: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
                keys.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
            }
            keys.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if keys.count > capacity {
                let keyToRemove = keys.removeFirst()
                cache[keyToRemove] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["a"] = 1
cache["b"] = 2
cache["c"] = 3
print(cache["a"]) // Output: Optional(1)
print(cache["b"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["c"]) // Output: Optional(3)
cache["d"] = 4
print(cache["a"]) // Output: nil
print(cache["b"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["c"]) // Output: Optional(3)
print(cache["d"]) // Output: Optional(4)
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            queue.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            cache[key] = newValue
            queue.append(key)
        }
    }
}
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var keys: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
                keys.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
            }
            keys.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if keys.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = keys.first {
                    keys.remove(at: 0)
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var keys: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
                keys.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let index = keys.firstIndex(of: key) {
                keys.remove(at: index)
            }
            keys.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
            if keys.count > capacity {
                if let keyToRemove = keys.first {
                    keys.remove(at: 0)
                    cache.removeValue(forKey: keyToRemove)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            queue.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: Element] = [:]
    private var queue: [Key] = []
    private let capacity: Int
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                queue.remove(at: index)
                queue.append(key)
                return cache[key]
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let _ = cache[key] {
                if let index = queue.firstIndex(of: key) {
                    queue.remove(at: index)
                }
            } else {
                if queue.count == capacity {
                    if let keyToRemove = queue.first {
                        cache[keyToRemove] = nil
                        queue.removeFirst()
                    }
                }
            }
            queue.append(key)
            cache[key] = newValue
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let cache = Cache<String, Int>(capacity: 3)
cache["one"] = 1
cache["two"] = 2
cache["three"] = 3
print(cache["one"]) // Output: Optional(1)
print(cache["two"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["three"]) // Output: Optional(3)
cache["four"] = 4
print(cache["one"]) // Output: nil
print(cache["two"]) // Output: Optional(2)
print(cache["three"]) // Output: Optional(3)
print(cache["four"]) // Output: Optional(4)
```

init(capacity: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(capacity:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Cache<Key, Element>'

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    private var cache: [Key: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [Key: TimeInterval] = [:]
    private let expirationInterval: TimeInterval

    init(expirationInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.expirationInterval = expirationInterval
    }

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache[key] = nil
            expirationTimes[key] = nil
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: expirationInterval)
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
                expirationTimes[key] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    private var cache: [Key: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [Key: TimeInterval] = [:]
    private let expirationInterval: TimeInterval

    init(expirationInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.expirationInterval = expirationInterval
    }

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache[key] = nil
            expirationTimes[key] = nil
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: expirationInterval)
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
                expirationTimes[key] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}

// Usage example
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>(expirationInterval: 60) // Cache with expiration of 60 seconds
cache["key"] = "value"
print(cache["key"]) // Output: value
sleep(61)
print(cache["key"]) // Output: nil
```

let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>() // missing argument for parameter 'expirationInterval' in call
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]
    private let expirationInterval: TimeInterval

    init(expirationInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.expirationInterval = expirationInterval
    }

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: expirationInterval)
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]
    private let expirationInterval: TimeInterval

    init(expirationInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.expirationInterval = expirationInterval
    }

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: expirationInterval)
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Usage example
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>(expirationInterval: 10.0)
cache["key"] = "value"
print(cache["key"]) // Output: value
sleep(11)
print(cache["key"]) // Output: nil
```

let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>() // missing argument for parameter 'expirationInterval' in call
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue

    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)] = [:]

    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration))
    }

    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue

    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)] = [:]

    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration))
    }

    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
}

// Usage example
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>()
cache.put(value: "Hello", key: "greeting", expiration: 10)
print(cache["greeting"]) // Output: Hello
sleep(11)
print(cache["greeting"]) // Output: nil
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration))
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        guard expiration > Date() else { return nil }
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get { return get(key: key) }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600)
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration))
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        guard expiration > Date() else { return nil }
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get { return get(key: key) }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600)
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
            }
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, String>()
cache["key"] = "value"
print(cache["key"]) // Output: value
sleep(2)
print(cache["key"]) // Output: nil
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)]
    
    init() {
        self.cache = [:]
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        let expirationDate = Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration)
        cache[key] = (value, expirationDate)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expirationDate) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expirationDate < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get { return get(key: key) }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600) // 1 hour expiration
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)]
    
    init() {
        self.cache = [:]
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        let expirationDate = Date().addingTimeInterval(expiration)
        cache[key] = (value, expirationDate)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expirationDate) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expirationDate < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get { return get(key: key) }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600) // 1 hour expiration
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue

    private var cache: [Key: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [Key: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        guard let value = cache[key], let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key] else {
            return nil
        }

        if expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }

        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue

    private var cache: [Key: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [Key: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        guard let value = cache[key], let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key] else {
            return nil
        }

        if expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }

        return value
    }
}
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)]
    
    init() {
        self.cache = [:]
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        let expirationDate = Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: expiration)
        cache[key] = (value, expirationDate)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expirationDate) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        
        if expirationDate < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 60 * 60) // 1 hour expiration
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    typealias Key = CacheKey
    typealias Value = CacheValue
    
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: Date)]
    
    init() {
        self.cache = [:]
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        let expirationDate = Date(timeIntervalSinceNow: expiration)
        cache[key] = (value, expirationDate)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expirationDate) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        
        if expirationDate < Date() {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 60 * 60) // 1 hour expiration
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600) // 1 hour expiration time
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
        return cache[key]
    }

    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                put(value: value, key: key, expiration: 3600) // 1 hour expiration time
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            return cache[key]
        } else {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]

    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }

    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key], expirationTime > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            return cache[key]
        } else {
            cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
            expirationTimes.removeValue(forKey: key)
            return nil
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, Int>()
cache.put(value: 10, key: "key1", expiration: 10)
print(cache["key1"]) // Output: Optional(10)
sleep(11)
print(cache["key1"]) // Output: nil
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]
    
    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }
    
    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key] {
            if expirationTime > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                return cache[key]
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
                expirationTimes[key] = nil
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            put(value: newValue!, key: key, expiration: 3600)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<CacheKey: Hashable, CacheValue>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [CacheKey: CacheValue] = [:]
    private var expirationTimes: [CacheKey: TimeInterval] = [:]
    
    func put(value: CacheValue, key: CacheKey, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = value
        expirationTimes[key] = Date().timeIntervalSince1970 + expiration
    }
    
    func get(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        if let expirationTime = expirationTimes[key] {
            if expirationTime > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                return cache[key]
            } else {
                cache[key] = nil
                expirationTimes[key] = nil
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: CacheKey) -> CacheValue? {
        get {
            return get(key: key)
        }
        set {
            put(value: newValue!, key: key, expiration: 3600)
        }
    }
}

// Usage example
let cache = ExpirableCache<String, Int>()
cache["key"] = 10
print(cache["key"]) // Output: Optional(10)
sleep(2)
print(cache["key"]) // Output: nil
```

Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1.1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 0.9) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var encryptedData = Data()
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let stringLength = stringData.count
        for i in 0..<stringLength {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let stringByte = stringData[i]
            let encryptedByte = stringByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decryptedString = ""
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let dataLength = data.count
        for i in 0..<dataLength {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedString.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(decryptedByte)))
        }
        return decryptedString
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var encryptedData = Data()
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let stringLength = stringData.count
        for i in 0..<stringLength {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let stringByte = stringData[i]
            let encryptedByte = stringByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decryptedString = ""
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let dataLength = data.count
        for i in 0..<dataLength {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedString.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(decryptedByte)))
        }
        return decryptedString
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let plainText = "Hello, World!"
let key = "secret"
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt(plainText, key)
let decryptedText = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, key)
print(decryptedText) // Output: Hello, World!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let encryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let decryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            decryptedData.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let encryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let decryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            decryptedData.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let plainText = "Hello, world!"
let key = "secret"
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt(plainText, key)
let decryptedText = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, key)
print(decryptedText) // Output: Hello, world!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt("Hello, World!", "secretkey")
let decryptedString = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, "secretkey")
print(decryptedString) // Output: Hello, World!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage:
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt("Hello, World!", "secretkey")
let decryptedString = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, "secretkey")
print(decryptedString) // Output: Hello, World!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let plainText = "Hello, World!"
let key = "secretkey"
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt(plainText, key)
let decryptedText = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, key)
print(decryptedText) // Output: Hello, World!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: stringData.count)
        for (i, byte) in stringData.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: stringData.count)
        for (i, byte) in stringData.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (i, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[i] = byte ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var encryptedData = Data()
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let stringLength = stringData.count
        var keyIndex = 0
        
        for i in 0..<stringLength {
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex % keyLength]
            let stringByte = stringData[i]
            let encryptedByte = stringByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
            keyIndex += 1
        }
        
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedString = ""
        var keyIndex = 0
        
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex % keyLength]
            let encryptedByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = encryptedByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedString.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(decryptedByte)))
            keyIndex += 1
        }
        
        return decryptedString
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        var encryptedData = Data()
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        let stringLength = stringData.count
        var keyIndex = 0
        
        for i in 0..<stringLength {
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex % keyLength]
            let stringByte = stringData[i]
            let encryptedByte = stringByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
            keyIndex += 1
        }
        
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedString = ""
        var keyIndex = 0
        
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex % keyLength]
            let encryptedByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = encryptedByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedString.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(decryptedByte)))
            keyIndex += 1
        }
        
        return decryptedString
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[index] = byte ^ keyData[index % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[index] = byte ^ keyData[index % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            encryptedData[index] = byte ^ keyData[index % keyData.count]
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            decryptedData[index] = byte ^ keyData[index % keyData.count]
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let plainText = "Hello, world!"
let key = "secretkey"
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt(plainText, key)
let decryptedText = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, key)
print(decryptedText) // Output: Hello, world!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: stringData.count)
        
        for i in 0..<stringData.count {
            encryptedData[i] = stringData[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data(count: stringData.count)
        
        for i in 0..<stringData.count {
            encryptedData[i] = stringData[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data(count: data.count)
        
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData[i] = data[i] ^ keyData[i % keyData.count]
        }
        
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding: .utf8)!
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt("Hello, World!", "secretkey")
let decryptedString = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, "secretkey")
print(decryptedString) // Output: Hello, World!
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let encryptedData = NSMutableData()
        
        for (index, char) in stringData.enumerated() {
            let keyChar = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let encryptedChar = char ^ keyChar
            encryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [encryptedChar]))
        }
        
        return encryptedData as Data
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let decryptedData = NSMutableData()
        
        for (index, char) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyChar = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let decryptedChar = char ^ keyChar
            decryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [decryptedChar]))
        }
        
        return String(data: decryptedData as Data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    }
}
```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let stringData = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        let encryptedData = NSMutableData()
        
        for (index, char) in stringData.enumerated() {
            let keyChar = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let encryptedChar = char ^ keyChar
            encryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [encryptedChar]))
        }
        
        return encryptedData as Data
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using: .utf8)!
        let decryptedData = NSMutableData()
        
        for (index, char) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyChar = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            let decryptedChar = char ^ keyChar
            decryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [decryptedChar]))
        }
        
        return String(data: decryptedData as Data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    }
}

// Example usage
let encryptor = Encryptor()
let encryptedData = encryptor.encrypt("Hello, world!", "secretkey")
let decryptedString = encryptor.decrypt(encryptedData, "secretkey")
print(decryptedString) // Output: Hello, world!
```

encryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [encryptedChar])) // 'init(bytes:)' is deprecated: use `init(_:)` instead
decryptedData.append(Data(bytes: [decryptedChar])) // 'init(bytes:)' is deprecated: use `init(_:)` instead

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date = Date()

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)

        if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 0
        }

        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date = Date()

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)

        if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 0
        }

        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime, Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime) >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime, Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime) >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
let rateLimiter = RateLimiter(maxRequests: 5, timeInterval: 10.0)
for _ in 0..<10 {
    if rateLimiter.allowRequest() {
        print("Request allowed")
    } else {
        print("Request denied")
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
                let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
                if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = Date()
                    return true
                }
            } else {
                requestCount += 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
                let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
                if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = Date()
                    return true
                }
            } else {
                requestCount += 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime, Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime) >= timeInterval {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            } else {
                return false
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        } else {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime, Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime) >= timeInterval {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            } else {
                return false
            }
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = currentTime
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = currentTime
                return true
            }
        } else {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = currentTime
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = currentTime
                return true
            }
        } else {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = currentTime // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
lastRequestTime = currentTime // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
                let elapsedTime = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
                if elapsedTime >= timeInterval {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = Date()
                    return true
                }
            } else {
                requestCount += 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
                let elapsedTime = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
                if elapsedTime >= timeInterval {
                    requestCount += 1
                    lastRequestTime = Date()
                    return true
                }
            } else {
                requestCount += 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }
}

// Example usage:
let rateLimiter = RateLimiter(maxRequests: 5, timeInterval: 10.0)
for _ in 0..<10 {
    if rateLimiter.allowRequest() {
        print("Request allowed")
    } else {
        print("Request denied")
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let elapsedTime = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if elapsedTime < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            requestCount = 1
            return true
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let elapsedTime = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if elapsedTime < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            requestCount = 1
            return true
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: Date?
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        if let lastRequestTime = lastRequestTime {
            let timeSinceLastRequest = Date().timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)
            if timeSinceLastRequest < timeInterval {
                if requestCount < maxRequests {
                    requestCount += 1
                    return true
                } else {
                    return false
                }
            } else {
                requestCount = 1
                lastRequestTime = Date()
                return true
            }
        } else {
            requestCount = 1
            lastRequestTime = Date()
            return true
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
lastRequestTime = Date() // cannot assign to value: 'lastRequestTime' is a 'let' constant
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date = Date()

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)

        if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 0
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
        }

        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var requestCount: Int = 0
    private var lastRequestTime: Date = Date()

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeSinceLastRequest = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequestTime)

        if timeSinceLastRequest >= timeInterval {
            requestCount = 0
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
        }

        if requestCount < maxRequests {
            requestCount += 1
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```

init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) { // initializer requirement 'init(maxRequests:timeInterval:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'RateLimiter'
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: 1) // class method 'sleep' is unavailable from asynchronous contexts; Use Task.sleep(until:clock:) instead.; this is an error in Swift 6

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return queue.sync {
            value
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return queue.sync {
            value
        }
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            self.value += 1
        }
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return queue.sync {
            self.value
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            self.value += 1
        }
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return queue.sync {
            self.value
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let counter = ThreadSafeCounter(value: 0)
counter.increment()
print(counter.currentValue()) // Output: 1
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.counterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = value
        }
        return result
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.counterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = value
        }
        return result
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.counterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.sync {
            value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = value
        }
        return result
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithAtomic: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithDispatchQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.async {
            self.value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = self.value
        }
        return result
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithOperationQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let queue = OperationQueue()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        let operation = BlockOperation {
            self.value += 1
        }
        queue.addOperation(operation)
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        let operation = BlockOperation {
            result = self.value
        }
        queue.addOperation(operation)
        queue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
        return result
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithSemaphore: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let semaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        semaphore.wait()
        defer { semaphore.signal() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        semaphore.wait()
        defer { semaphore.signal() }
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithMutex: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let mutex = Mutex()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        mutex.lock()
        defer { mutex.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        mutex.lock()
        defer { mutex.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLock: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLockWithAtomic: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithAtomic: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithDispatchQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.async {
            self.value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = self.value
        }
        return result
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithOperationQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let queue = OperationQueue()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        let operation = BlockOperation {
            self.value += 1
        }
        queue.addOperation(operation)
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        let operation = BlockOperation {
            result = self.value
        }
        queue.addOperation(operation)
        queue.waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished()
        return result
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithSemaphore: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let semaphore = DispatchSemaphore(value: 1)

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        semaphore.wait()
        defer { semaphore.signal() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        semaphore.wait()
        defer { semaphore.signal() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithMutex: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let mutex = Mutex()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        mutex.lock()
        defer { mutex.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        mutex.lock()
        defer { mutex.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLock: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLockWithAtomic: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLockWithDispatchQueue: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.threadSafeCounterQueue")

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        queue.async {
            self.value += 1
        }
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        var result: Int = 0
        queue.sync {
            result = self.value
        }
       
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithAtomic'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithDispatchQueue'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithOperationQueue'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithSemaphore'
private let mutex = Mutex() // cannot find 'Mutex' in scope
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithMutex'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLock'
init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounterWithRWLockWithAtomic'

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        value += 1
    }

    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer { lock.unlock() }
        return value
    }
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()

init(value: Int) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'ThreadSafeCounter'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 1)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .pipe { $0.description }

print(pipeline.execute()) // Output: "5"
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 10)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 5 }
    .pipe { $0.description }

print(pipeline.execute()) // Output: "25"
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 5)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .pipe { $0 / 2 }
    .execute()

print(pipeline) // Output: 7.0
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 10)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 5 }
    .pipe { $0 / 3 }

print(pipeline.execute()) // Output: 15
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline<Int>(value: 10)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 5 }
    .pipe { $0 / 3 }

let result = pipeline.execute() // result will be 7
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage
let pipeline = Pipeline<Int>(value: 5)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .execute()

print(pipeline) // Output: 13
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline<Int>(value: 5)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .execute()

print(pipeline) // Output: 13
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline(value: 1)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .pipe { String($0) }

print(pipeline.execute()) // Output: "5"
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline<Int>(value: 5)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 3 }
    .pipe { $0 / 2 }

let result = pipeline.execute()
print(result) // Output: 8
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}
```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    typealias Output = Output
    private var value: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(value))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value
    }
}

// Example usage:
let pipeline = Pipeline<Int>(value: 10)
    .pipe { $0 * 2 }
    .pipe { $0 + 5 }
    .pipe { $0 / 3 }

print(pipeline.execute()) // Output: 7
```

init(value: Output) { // initializer requirement 'init(value:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'Pipeline<Output>'

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1
observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)
observableProperty.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var value: Value
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var value: Value
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observable = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observable.value = 1
// Output:
// Observer 1: 1
// Observer 2: 1

observable.unsubscribe(observer1)
observable.value = 2
// Output:
// Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observable = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observable.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1
observable.unsubscribe(observer1)
observable.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1
// Output:
// Observer 1: 1
// Observer 2: 1

observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)
observableProperty.value = 2
// Output:
// Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1
// Output:
// Observer 1: 1
// Observer 2: 1

observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)
observableProperty.value = 2
// Output:
// Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1

observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)

observableProperty.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        self.observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1
observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)
observableProperty.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observable = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observable.value = 1
// Output:
// Observer 1: 1
// Observer 2: 1

observable.unsubscribe(observer1)
observable.value = 2
// Output:
// Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observable = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observable.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observable.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1
observable.unsubscribe(observer1)
observable.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get { return self.value }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    private func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in observers.values {
            observer(value)
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let observableProperty = ObservableProperty(value: 0)
let observer1 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 1: \(value)")
}
let observer2 = observableProperty.subscribe { value in
    print("Observer 2: \(value)")
}

observableProperty.value = 1 // Output: Observer 1: 1, Observer 2: 1
observableProperty.unsubscribe(observer1)
observableProperty.value = 2 // Output: Observer 2: 2
```

var value: Value { // invalid redeclaration of 'value'
observable.value = 10 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 20 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
observable.value = 30 // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(range)
        }
    }
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

extension Comparable {
    func clamped(_ range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(0...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(0.0...1.0)
    var height: Double
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(range)
        }
    }
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Extension to clamp a value within a specified range.
extension Comparable {
    func clamped(_ range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(0...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(0.0...1.0)
    var height: Double
}

let person = Person(age: 150, height: 2.5)
print(person.age) // Output: 100
print(person.height) // Output: 1.0
```

@Clamped(0...100) // missing argument for parameter 'wrappedValue' in call
@Clamped(0.0...1.0) // missing argument for parameter 'wrappedValue' in call

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped var age: Int = 0...120
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Extension to clamp a value within a specified range.
extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped var age: Int = 0...120
}

var person = Person()
person.age = 150 // Clamped to 120
print(person.age) // Output: 120
```

@Clamped var age: Int = 0...120 // missing argument for parameter 'wrappedValue' in property wrapper initializer; add 'wrappedValue' and 'wrappedValue' arguments in '@Clamped(...)'

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.range = range
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100) var age: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.range = range
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100) var age: Int
}

let person = Person()
person.age = 15
print(person.age) // Output: 18
person.age = 105
print(person.age) // Output: 100
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 1.5, 1.5...2.5)
    var height: Double
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Extension to add clamping functionality to any Comparable type.
extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 1.5, 1.5...2.5)
    var height: Double
}

let person = Person()
person.age = 15 // Clamped to 18
person.height = 2.6 // Clamped to 2.5
```

struct Clamped<Wrapped>: ClampedProtocol { // type 'Clamped<Wrapped>' does not conform to protocol 'ClampedProtocol'
wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range) // value of type 'Wrapped' has no member 'clamped'
let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped> // type 'Wrapped' does not conform to protocol 'Comparable'
init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) { // type 'Wrapped' does not conform to protocol 'Comparable'
self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range) // value of type 'Wrapped' has no member 'clamped'
@Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100) // generic parameter 'Wrapped' could not be inferred
@Clamped(wrappedValue: 1.5, 1.5...2.5) // generic parameter 'Wrapped' could not be inferred
@Clamped(0...10) var value: Int = 0 // generic parameter 'Wrapped' could not be inferred

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, 0...100) var value: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, 0...100) var value: Int
}

let example = Example()
example.value = 50 // value is 50
example.value = -10 // value is 0
example.value = 110 // value is 100
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.range = range
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, 0...100) var value: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.range = range
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 0, 0...100) var value: Int
}

var example = Example()
example.value = 50 // value is 50
example.value = -10 // value is 0
example.value = 110 // value is 100
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100) var age: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100) var age: Int
}

let person = Person(age: 25)
print(person.age) // Output: 25

person.age = 15
print(person.age) // Output: 18 (clamped to the lower bound)

person.age = 105
print(person.age) // Output: 100 (clamped to the upper bound)
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 10, 0...100) var value: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Example usage
struct Example {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 10, 0...100) var value: Int
}

let example = Example()
example.value = 50
print(example.value) // Output: 50

example.value = -10
print(example.value) // Output: 0

example.value = 150
print(example.value) // Output: 100
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 1.5, 1.5...2.5)
    var height: Double
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            if wrappedValue < range.lowerBound {
                wrappedValue = range.lowerBound
            } else if wrappedValue > range.upperBound {
                wrappedValue = range.upperBound
            }
        }
    }
    
    private let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
    
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 1.5, 1.5...2.5)
    var height: Double
}

let person = Person(age: 25, height: 1.8)
print(person.age) // Output: 25
print(person.height) // Output: 1.8

person.age = 10
print(person.age) // Output: 18

person.height = 3.0
print(person.height) // Output: 2.5
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
}
```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Wrapped: Comparable>: ClampedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        }
    }
    
    let range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, _ range: ClosedRange<Wrapped>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue.clamped(to: range)
        self.range = range
    }
}

// Extension to clamp a value within a specified range.
extension Comparable {
    func clamped(to range: ClosedRange<Self>) -> Self {
        return min(max(self, range.lowerBound), range.upperBound)
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Clamped(wrappedValue: 18, 18...100)
    var age: Int
}

let person = Person(age: 25)
print(person.age) // Output: 25

person.age = 10
print(person.age) // Output: 18

person.age = 120
print(person.age) // Output: 100
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct User {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int

    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct User {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int

    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper with a custom logger.
let user = User(name: "John", age: 30)
user.name = "Jane"
user.age = 31

// Output:
// Event: get, Value: John
// Event: set, Value: Jane
// Event: get, Value: 30
// Event: set, Value: 31
```

self.name = name // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
self.age = age // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
} // return from initializer without initializing all stored properties

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper with a custom logger.
let person = Person(name: "John", age: 30)
person.name = "Jane"
person.age = 31

// Output:
// Event: set, Value: "Jane"
// Event: set, Value: 31
```

self.name = name // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
self.age = age // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
} // return from initializer without initializing all stored properties

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
let person = Person(name: "John", age: 30)
person.name = "Jane"
person.age = 31
```

self.name = name // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
self.age = age // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
} // return from initializer without initializing all stored properties

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person: LoggedProtocol {
    @Logged var name: String
    
    init(name: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.name = name
        self.logger = logger
    }
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person: LoggedProtocol {
    @Logged var name: String
    
    init(name: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.name = name
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
let person = Person(name: "John", logger: { event, value in
    print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
})

// Accessing and modifying the wrapped property will trigger the logger.
print(person.name) // Output: Event: get, Value: John
person.name = "Jane" // Output: Event: set, Value: Jane
```

struct Person: LoggedProtocol { // type 'Person' does not conform to protocol 'LoggedProtocol'
self.logger = logger // value of type 'Person' has no member 'logger'

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
    
    init(name: String, age: Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
let person = Person(name: "John", age: 30)
person.name = "Jane"
person.age = 31
```

self.name = name // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
self.age = age // 'self' used before all stored properties are initialized
} // return from initializer without initializing all stored properties

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged var name: String
    @Logged var age: Int
}

let person = Person(name: "John", age: 30)
person.name = "Jane"
person.age = 35
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([]) is not equal to (["Accessing value: 0"])

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped
    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Logged<Wrapped> {
        return self
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
    
    @Logged(wrappedValue: 30, logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var age: Int
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped
    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Logged<Wrapped> {
        return self
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
    
    @Logged(wrappedValue: 30, logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var age: Int
}

// Create an instance of Person and access its properties.
let person = Person()
print(person.name) // Output: Event: get, Value: John
print(person.age) // Output: Event: get, Value: 30

person.name = "Jane" // Output: Event: set, Value: Jane
person.age = 25 // Output: Event: set, Value: 25
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([]) is not equal to (["Accessing value: 0"])

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Logging: \(event) - \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }

    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Logging: \(event) - \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}

let person = Person()
person.name = "Jane" // Output: Logging: set - Jane
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([]) is not equal to (["Accessing value: 0"])

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class MyClass {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: 0, logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var myProperty: Int
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    private let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage:
class MyClass {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: 0, logger: { event, value in
        print("Event: \(event), Value: \(value)")
    })
    var myProperty: Int
}

let myObject = MyClass()
myObject.myProperty = 10 // Output: Event: set, Value: 10
print(myObject.myProperty) // Output: Event: get, Value: 10
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([]) is not equal to (["Accessing value: 0"])

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Logged: \(event) - \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}
```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Wrapped>: LoggedProtocol {
    var wrappedValue: Wrapped {
        didSet {
            logger(.set, wrappedValue)
        }
    }
    
    let logger: (Event, Wrapped) -> Void
    
    init(wrappedValue: Wrapped, logger: @escaping (Event, Wrapped) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

// Example usage of the Logged property wrapper.
struct Person {
    @Logged(wrappedValue: "John", logger: { event, value in
        print("Logged: \(event) - \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}

let person = Person()
person.name = "Jane" // Output: Logged: set - Jane
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([]) is not equal to (["Accessing value: 0"])

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.search(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.search(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func search(for city: String) -> [String] {
        // Perform search and return results.
        return []
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Perform forecast and return result.
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI and handle user actions.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Display feedback to user.
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.search(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.search(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Provide search results and forecast for a given city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func search(for city: String) -> [String] {
        // Perform search and return results.
        return []
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Perform forecast and return result.
        throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: nil)
    }
}

// Weather application.
// Use WeatherApplication to handle user actions and display results.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI and handle user actions.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Display feedback to user.
        }
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
results = provider.search(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'search'
results = provider.search(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'search'
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController { // cannot find type 'UIViewController' in scope
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
override func viewDidLoad() { // method does not override any method from its superclass
super.viewDidLoad() // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) { // value 'feedback' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            guard let forecast = try? provider.forecast(for: city) else {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
            return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return forecast for a given city.
        return "Sunny"
    }

    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return cities that start with a given prefix.
        return ["New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston", "Phoenix"]
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else {
            return
        }
        switch feedback {
        case .success(let city, let forecast):
            // Display success message.
        case .failure(let city):
            // Display failure message.
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            guard let forecast = try? provider.forecast(for: city) else {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
            return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Provide cities and forecast for a given city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return forecast for a given city.
        return "Sunny"
    }

    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return cities that start with a given prefix.
        return ["New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago", "Houston", "Phoenix"]
    }
}

// Weather application.
// Use WeatherApplication to handle user actions and display results.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        guard let feedback = application.handle(action: action) else {
            return
        }
        switch feedback {
        case .success(let city, let forecast):
            // Display success message.
        case .failure(let city):
            // Display failure message.
        }
    }
}

// Usage.
let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)
let viewController = WeatherApplicationViewController(application: application)
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController { // cannot find type 'UIViewController' in scope
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
override func viewDidLoad() { // method does not override any method from its superclass
super.viewDidLoad() // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
case .success(let city, let forecast): // immutable value 'city' was never used; consider replacing with '_' or removing it
case .success(let city, let forecast): // immutable value 'forecast' was never used; consider replacing with '_' or removing it
case .success(let city, let forecast): // 'case' label in a 'switch' must have at least one executable statement
case .failure(let city): // 'case' label in a 'switch' must have at least one executable statement
case .failure(let city): // immutable value 'city' was never used; consider replacing with '_' or removing it

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var currentCity: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(currentCity ?? "") }
            searchResults.append(String(character))
            currentCity = searchResults.joined()
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchResults.removeLast()
            currentCity = searchResults.joined()
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: currentCity ?? "")
                return .success(city: currentCity ?? "", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: currentCity ?? "")
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderMock: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        if city == "New York" {
            return "Sunny"
        } else if city == "London" {
            return "Rainy"
        } else {
            throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "City not found"])
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var currentCity: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(currentCity ?? "") }
            searchResults.append(String(character))
            currentCity = searchResults.joined()
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchResults.removeLast()
            currentCity = searchResults.joined()
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: currentCity ?? "")
                return .success(city: currentCity ?? "", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: currentCity ?? "")
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Simulate network request to get weather forecast.
class WeatherProviderMock: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        if city == "New York" {
            return "Sunny"
        } else if city == "London" {
            return "Rainy"
        } else {
            throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "City not found"])
        }
    }
}

// Usage example.
let provider = WeatherProviderMock()
let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)

// Simulate user actions.
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("N"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("e"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("w"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect(" "))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("Y"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("o"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("r"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("k"))
application.handle(action: .searchButtonPress)

// Output: .success(city: "New York", forecast: "Sunny")
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            // Handle keyboard character selection.
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            // Handle keyboard delete backwards.
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            // Handle search button press.
            return nil
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up view controller.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Handle application feedback.
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewControllerFactory {
    func createViewController() -> WeatherApplicationViewController {
        let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
        let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)
        return WeatherApplicationViewController(application: application)
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Fetch weather forecast from external API.
        return ""
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            // Handle keyboard character selection.
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            // Handle keyboard delete backwards.
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            // Handle search button press.
            return nil
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view controller.
// Display search bar results and forecast.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up view controller.
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Handle application feedback.
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view controller factory.
// Create WeatherApplicationViewController with WeatherApplication.
class WeatherApplicationViewControllerFactory {
    func createViewController() -> WeatherApplicationViewController {
        let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
        let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)
        return WeatherApplicationViewController(application: application)
    }
}

// Weather provider implementation.
// Fetch weather forecast from external API.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Fetch weather forecast from external API.
        return ""
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character): // immutable value 'character' was never used; consider replacing with '_' or removing it
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController { // cannot find type 'UIViewController' in scope
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
override func viewDidLoad() { // method does not override any method from its superclass
super.viewDidLoad() // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) { // value 'feedback' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            // Handle keyboard character selection
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            // Handle keyboard delete backwards
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            // Handle search button press
            return nil
        }
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up view controller
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Display feedback
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            // Handle keyboard character selection
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            // Handle keyboard delete backwards
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            // Handle search button press
            return nil
        }
    }
}

// Weather application view controller.
// Display search bar results and forecast.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up view controller
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) {
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            // Display feedback
        }
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character): // immutable value 'character' was never used; consider replacing with '_' or removing it
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController { // cannot find type 'UIViewController' in scope
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
override func viewDidLoad() { // method does not override any method from its superclass
super.viewDidLoad() // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) { // value 'feedback' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var searchResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            searchResults = ["London", "Paris", "Berlin"]
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            searchResults = ["London", "Paris", "Berlin"]
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return forecast for a city.
        return "Sunny"
    }
}

class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI.
        // Add keyboard observers.
        // Add search button action.
    }

    @objc func handleKeyboardCharacterSelect(_ sender: UITextField) {
        if let character = sender.text?.last {
            let action = UserAction.keyboardCharacterSelect(character)
            if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
                displayFeedback(feedback)
            }
        }
    }

    @objc func handleKeyboardDeleteBackwards(_ sender: UITextField) {
        let action = UserAction.keyboardDeleteBackwards
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            displayFeedback(feedback)
        }
    }

    @objc func handleSearchButtonPress(_ sender: UIButton) {
        let action = UserAction.searchButtonPress
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            displayFeedback(feedback)
        }
    }

    private func displayFeedback(_ feedback: ApplicationFeedback) {
        switch feedback {
        case .success(let city, let forecast):
            // Display success feedback.
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case .failure(let city):
            // Display failure feedback.
            print("Failed to get forecast for \(city)")
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var searchResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            searchResults = ["London", "Paris", "Berlin"]
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            searchResults = ["London", "Paris", "Berlin"]
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Simulate network request to get forecast for a city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        // Simulate network request.
        // Return forecast for a city.
        return "Sunny"
    }
}

// Weather application.
// Create WeatherApplication with WeatherProviderImpl.
// Handle user actions and display feedback.
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController {
    private let application: WeatherApplicationProtocol

    init(application: WeatherApplicationProtocol) {
        self.application = application
        super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil)
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Set up UI.
        // Add keyboard observers.
        // Add search button action.
    }

    @objc func handleKeyboardCharacterSelect(_ sender: UITextField) {
        if let character = sender.text?.last {
            let action = UserAction.keyboardCharacterSelect(character)
            if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
                displayFeedback(feedback)
            }
        }
    }

    @objc func handleKeyboardDeleteBackwards(_ sender: UITextField) {
        let action = UserAction.keyboardDeleteBackwards
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            displayFeedback(feedback)
        }
    }

    @objc func handleSearchButtonPress(_ sender: UIButton) {
        let action = UserAction.searchButtonPress
        if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
            displayFeedback(feedback)
        }
    }

    private func displayFeedback(_ feedback: ApplicationFeedback) {
        switch feedback {
        case .success(let city, let forecast):
            // Display success feedback.
            print("Forecast for \(city): \(forecast)")
        case .failure(let city):
            // Display failure feedback.
            print("Failed to get forecast for \(city)")
        }
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
class WeatherApplicationViewController: UIViewController { // cannot find type 'UIViewController' in scope
super.init(nibName: nil, bundle: nil) // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
override func viewDidLoad() { // method does not override any method from its superclass
super.viewDidLoad() // 'super' members cannot be referenced in a root class
@objc func handleKeyboardCharacterSelect(_ sender: UITextField) { // cannot find type 'UITextField' in scope
@objc func handleKeyboardDeleteBackwards(_ sender: UITextField) { // cannot find type 'UITextField' in scope
@objc func handleSearchButtonPress(_ sender: UIButton) { // cannot find type 'UIButton' in scope

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String] = ["New York", "London", "Paris", "Tokyo", "Sydney"]
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let index = cities.firstIndex(of: city) else {
            throw WeatherProviderError.cityNotFound
        }
        return "Forecast for \(city): Sunny"
    }
    
    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.filter { $0.hasPrefix(prefix) }
    }
}

enum WeatherProviderError: Error {
    case cityNotFound
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Provide list of cities and forecast for given city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String] = ["New York", "London", "Paris", "Tokyo", "Sydney"]
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let index = cities.firstIndex(of: city) else {
            throw WeatherProviderError.cityNotFound
        }
        return "Forecast for \(city): Sunny"
    }
    
    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.filter { $0.hasPrefix(prefix) }
    }
}

enum WeatherProviderError: Error {
    case cityNotFound
}

// Usage example.
let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)

// Handle user actions.
let feedback = application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("N"))
print(feedback) // nil

let feedback2 = application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("e"))
print(feedback2) // nil

let feedback3 = application.handle(action: .searchButtonPress)
print(feedback3) // .success(city: "New York", forecast: "Forecast for New York: Sunny")

let feedback4 = application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("L"))
print(feedback4) // nil

let feedback5 = application.handle(action: .searchButtonPress)
print(feedback5) // .failure(city: "London")
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
guard let index = cities.firstIndex(of: city) else { // value 'index' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            searchResults = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            searchResults = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String] = ["New York", "London", "Paris", "Tokyo"]
    private let forecasts: [String: String] = [
        "New York": "Sunny",
        "London": "Rainy",
        "Paris": "Cloudy",
        "Tokyo": "Partly cloudy"
    ]
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let forecast = forecasts[city] else {
            throw WeatherProviderError.cityNotFound
        }
        return forecast
    }
    
    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.filter { $0.hasPrefix(prefix) }
    }
}

enum WeatherProviderError: Error {
    case cityNotFound
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            searchResults = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            searchResults = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Provide cities and forecast for a given city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String] = ["New York", "London", "Paris", "Tokyo"]
    private let forecasts: [String: String] = [
        "New York": "Sunny",
        "London": "Rainy",
        "Paris": "Cloudy",
        "Tokyo": "Partly cloudy"
    ]
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let forecast = forecasts[city] else {
            throw WeatherProviderError.cityNotFound
        }
        return forecast
    }
    
    func cities(for prefix: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.filter { $0.hasPrefix(prefix) }
    }
}

enum WeatherProviderError: Error {
    case cityNotFound
}

// Usage example.
let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)

// Handle user actions.
let actions: [UserAction] = [
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("N"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("e"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("w"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect(" "),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("Y"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("o"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("r"),
    .keyboardCharacterSelect("k"),
    .searchButtonPress
]

for action in actions {
    if let feedback = application.handle(action: action) {
        print(feedback)
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
searchResults = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
searchResults = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []
    private var feedback: ApplicationFeedback?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                feedback = .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                feedback = .failure(city: city)
            }
            return feedback
        }
    }
}

class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String: [String]] = [
        "New York": ["NY", "NYC", "New York City"],
        "Los Angeles": ["LA", "LAX", "Los Angeles"],
        "Chicago": ["CHI", "Chicago"],
        "Houston": ["HOU", "Houston"],
        "Phoenix": ["PHX", "Phoenix"],
        "Philadelphia": ["PHL", "Philadelphia"],
        "San Antonio": ["SA", "San Antonio"],
        "San Diego": ["SD", "San Diego"],
        "Dallas": ["DAL", "Dallas"],
        "San Jose": ["SJ", "San Jose"]
    ]

    func cities(for query: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.keys.filter { $0.lowercased().hasPrefix(query.lowercased()) }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let forecast = cities[city]?.first else {
            throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "City not found"])
        }
        return "The forecast for \(city) is \(forecast)."
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var city: String = ""
    private var results: [String] = []
    private var feedback: ApplicationFeedback?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            city.append(character)
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            city.removeLast()
            results = provider.cities(for: city)
            return nil
        case .searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                feedback = .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                feedback = .failure(city: city)
            }
            return feedback
        }
    }
}

// Weather provider.
// Provide cities and forecast for a given city.
class WeatherProviderImpl: WeatherProvider {
    private let cities: [String: [String]] = [
        "New York": ["NY", "NYC", "New York City"],
        "Los Angeles": ["LA", "LAX", "Los Angeles"],
        "Chicago": ["CHI", "Chicago"],
        "Houston": ["HOU", "Houston"],
        "Phoenix": ["PHX", "Phoenix"],
        "Philadelphia": ["PHL", "Philadelphia"],
        "San Antonio": ["SA", "San Antonio"],
        "San Diego": ["SD", "San Diego"],
        "Dallas": ["DAL", "Dallas"],
        "San Jose": ["SJ", "San Jose"]
    ]

    func cities(for query: String) -> [String] {
        return cities.keys.filter { $0.lowercased().hasPrefix(query.lowercased()) }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        guard let forecast = cities[city]?.first else {
            throw NSError(domain: "", code: 0, userInfo: [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: "City not found"])
        }
        return "The forecast for \(city) is \(forecast)."
    }
}

// Usage example.
let provider = WeatherProviderImpl()
let application = WeatherApplication(provider: provider)
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("N"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("Y"))
application.handle(action: .keyboardCharacterSelect("W"))
application.handle(action: .searchButtonPress)
print(application.feedback) // Output: Optional(.success(city: "New York", forecast: "The forecast for New York is NY."))
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'
results = provider.cities(for: city) // value of type 'any WeatherProvider' has no member 'cities'

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var selectedCity: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") + String(character) }
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            selectedCity?.removeLast()
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") }
        case .searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = selectedCity else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var selectedCity: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case .keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") + String(character) }
        case .keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            selectedCity?.removeLast()
            searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") }
        case .searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = selectedCity else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return .success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return .failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

init(provider: WeatherProvider) { // initializer requirement 'init(provider:)' can only be satisfied by a 'required' initializer in non-final class 'WeatherApplication'
searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") + String(character) } // cannot convert value of type 'String' to closure result type 'Bool'
searchResults = searchResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(selectedCity ?? "") + String(character) } // cannot convert value of type 'Bool' to expected argument type 'String'

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("Current balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. Current balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("Current balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. Current balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. New balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    print("Withdrawal successful: \(success)")
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. New balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    if await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0) {
        print("Withdrawal successful. New balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. New balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage of the BankAccount class
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("Balance after deposit: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    if await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0) {
        print("Balance after withdrawal: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds for withdrawal")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return await self.balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        self.balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if self.balance >= amount {
            self.balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("Balance after deposit: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Balance after withdrawal: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds for withdrawal.")
    }
}
```

private var balance: Double // property 'balance' must be declared internal because it matches a requirement in internal protocol 'BankAccountProtocol'
var balance: Double { // invalid redeclaration of 'balance'
return await self.balance // no 'async' operations occur within 'await' expression

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var _balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        _balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return _balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        _balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if _balance >= amount {
            _balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    private var _balance: Double
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        _balance = balance
    }
    
    var balance: Double {
        get async {
            return _balance
        }
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        _balance += amount
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if _balance >= amount {
            _balance -= amount
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
let account = BankAccount(balance: 1000.0)
Task {
    await account.deposit(amount: 500.0)
    print("New balance: \(await account.balance)")
}
Task {
    let success = await account.withdraw(amount: 200.0)
    if success {
        print("Withdrawal successful. New balance: \(await account.balance)")
    } else {
        print("Insufficient funds.")
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
example.randomValue.update() // Recomputes the random value
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a new random value between 1 and 100
```

cache = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = wrappedValue()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
            cachedValue = nil
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cachedValue = nil
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
    
    mutating func updateRandomValue() {
        randomValue.update()
    }
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = wrappedValue()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
            cachedValue = nil
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cachedValue = nil
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
    
    mutating func updateRandomValue() {
        randomValue.update()
    }
}

var example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
example.updateRandomValue()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints the same random value
```

let newValue = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
cachedValue = newValue // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
wrappedValue = newValue // attempting to modify 'wrappedValue' within its own setter
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter
randomValue.update() // value of type 'Int' has no member 'update'

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.condition = condition
        self.value = wrappedValue()
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.condition = condition
        self.value = wrappedValue()
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
print(example.randomValue) // Prints the same random value
```

value = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
value = wrappedValue() // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
example.randomValue.update() // Recomputes the random value
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a new random value between 1 and 100
```

cache = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get { cache }
        set { cache = newValue }
    }
    
    private var cache: Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.cache = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    mutating func update() {
        if condition() {
            cache = wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
example.randomValue.update() // Recomputes the random value
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a new random value between 1 and 100
```

cache = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        if condition() {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        }
        return wrappedValue
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { "John" }, condition: { true }) var name: String
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        if condition() {
            wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        }
        return wrappedValue
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { "John" }, condition: { true }) var name: String
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int
}

let person = Person()
print(person.name) // Output: John
print(person.age) // Output: 30
```

wrappedValue = wrappedValue() // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
wrappedValue = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
@Cached(wrappedValue: { "John" }, condition: { true }) var name: String // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter
@Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
print(example.randomValue) // Prints the same value as before
example.randomValue = 50
print(example.randomValue) // Prints 50
print(example.randomValue) // Prints 50
```

value = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
value = wrappedValue() // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.condition = condition
        self.value = wrappedValue()
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Date().timeIntervalSince1970 }, condition: { true }) var currentTime: Double
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    private var value: Value?
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.condition = condition
        self.value = wrappedValue()
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                value = wrappedValue()
            }
            return value!
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
        }
    }
}

// Example usage
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Date().timeIntervalSince1970 }, condition: { true }) var currentTime: Double
}

let example = Example()
print(example.currentTime) // Prints the current time in seconds since 1970
example.currentTime = 0 // Sets the cached value to 0
print(example.currentTime) // Prints 0
example.currentTime = 100 // Sets the cached value to 100
print(example.currentTime) // Prints 100
example.currentTime = 200 // Sets the cached value to 200
print(example.currentTime) // Prints 200
```

value = wrappedValue() // cannot call value of non-function type 'Value'
value = wrappedValue() // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Date().timeIntervalSince1970 }, condition: { true }) var currentTime: Double // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = value()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            cachedValue = newValue
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private let value: () -> Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        if condition() {
            cachedValue = value()
        }
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { "John Doe" }, condition: { true }) var name: String
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = value()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            cachedValue = newValue
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private let value: () -> Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        if condition() {
            cachedValue = value()
        }
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Person {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { "John Doe" }, condition: { true }) var name: String
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int
}

let person = Person()
print(person.name) // Output: John Doe
print(person.age) // Output: 30
```

cachedValue = newValue // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
@Cached(wrappedValue: { "John Doe" }, condition: { true }) var name: String // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter
@Cached(wrappedValue: { 30 }, condition: { true }) var age: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = value()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            cachedValue = newValue
        }
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Bool {
        get {
            condition()
        }
        set {
            condition = { newValue }
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private var value: () -> Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        self.condition = condition
    }
}

struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}
```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if let cachedValue = cachedValue {
                return cachedValue
            } else {
                let newValue = value()
                cachedValue = newValue
                return newValue
            }
        }
        set {
            cachedValue = newValue
        }
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Bool {
        get {
            condition()
        }
        set {
            condition = { newValue }
        }
    }
    
    private var cachedValue: Value?
    private var value: () -> Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        self.condition = condition
    }
}

// Example usage:
struct Example {
    @Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int
}

let example = Example()
print(example.randomValue) // Prints a random value between 1 and 100
print(example.randomValue) // Prints the same random value
example.randomValue = 50 // Sets the random value to 50
print(example.randomValue) // Prints 50
example.randomValue = 75 // Sets the random value to 75
print(example.randomValue) // Prints 75
example.randomValue = 100 // Sets the random value to 100
print(example.randomValue) // Prints 100
```

cachedValue = newValue // cannot assign to property: 'self' is immutable
@Cached(wrappedValue: { Int.random(in: 1...100) }, condition: { true }) var randomValue: Int // add () to forward @autoclosure parameter

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let double: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }
let addOneAndDouble = addOne >>> double
print(addOneAndDouble(3)) // Output: 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let square: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * $0 }
let addOneAndSquare = addOne >>> square
print(addOneAndSquare(2)) // Output: 9
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let double: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }

let addOneAndDouble = addOne >>> double
print(addOneAndDouble(3)) // Output: 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let square: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * $0 }

let addOneThenSquare = addOne >>> square
let result = addOneThenSquare(3) // result is 16
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let multiplyByTwo: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }
let addOneAndMultiplyByTwo = addOne >>> multiplyByTwo
print(addOneAndMultiplyByTwo(3)) // Output: 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let multiplyByTwo: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }

let addOneAndMultiplyByTwo = addOne >>> multiplyByTwo
let result = addOneAndMultiplyByTwo(3) // result is 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in g(f(a)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in g(f(a)) }
}

// Example usage of the >>> operator
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let double: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }
let addOneAndDouble = addOne >>> double
print(addOneAndDouble(3)) // Output: 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let square: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * $0 }
let addOneAndSquare = addOne >>> square
print(addOneAndSquare(2)) // Output: 9
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(_ f: @escaping (A) -> B, _ g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { a in
        g(f(a))
    }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let double: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }
let addOneAndDouble = addOne >>> double
let result = addOneAndDouble(3) // result is 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}
```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence { associativity: left }

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { x in g(f(x)) }
}

// Example usage:
let addOne: (Int) -> Int = { $0 + 1 }
let multiplyByTwo: (Int) -> Int = { $0 * 2 }

let addOneAndMultiplyByTwo = addOne >>> multiplyByTwo
let result = addOneAndMultiplyByTwo(3) // result is 8
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest.update(with: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else if bytesRead < 0 {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    return digest.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest.update(with: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else if bytesRead < 0 {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    return digest.finalize()
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0

    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }

    return digest.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0

    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }

    return digest.finalize()
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    return hash.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    return hash.finalize()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else {
            break
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            let data = Data(bytes: buffer, count: bytesRead)
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: data)
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            let data = Data(bytes: buffer, count: bytesRead)
            digest = SHA256.hash(data: data)
        }
    }
    
    return digest
}
```

var digest = SHA256Digest() // 'SHA256Digest' cannot be constructed because it has no accessible initializers

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else if bytesRead < 0 {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        } else if bytesRead < 0 {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer.prefix(bytesRead)))
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer.prefix(bytesRead)))
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    var hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            hash.update(data: Data(buffer[0..<bytesRead]))
        }
    }
    
    return hash.finalize()
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        defer {
            cString.deallocate()
        }
        let swiftString = String(cString: cString, encoding: .utf8)!
        self = swiftString
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        defer {
            cString.deallocate()
        }
        let swiftString = String(cString: cString, encoding: .utf8)!
        self = swiftString
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16) // cannot convert value of type 'Tuple16' (aka '(Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)') to expected argument type 'UnsafePointer<Int8>'

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        defer { cString.deallocate() }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        defer { cString.deallocate() }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16) // cannot convert value of type 'Tuple16' (aka '(Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)') to expected argument type 'UnsafePointer<Int8>'

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        defer {
            cString.deallocate()
        }
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = UnsafeMutablePointer<Int8>.allocate(capacity: 16)
        defer {
            cString.deallocate()
        }
        cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16)
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: Hello World!
```

cString.initialize(from: tuple16, count: 16) // cannot convert value of type 'Tuple16' (aka '(Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)') to expected argument type 'UnsafePointer<Int8>'

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        var string = ""
        for i in 0..<16 {
            if tuple16[i] == 0 {
                break
            }
            string.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(tuple16[i])))
        }
        self = string
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        var string = ""
        for i in 0..<16 {
            if tuple16[i] == 0 {
                break
            }
            string.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(tuple16[i])))
        }
        self = string
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

if tuple16[i] == 0 { // cannot access element using subscript for tuple type 'Tuple16' (aka '(Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)'); use '.' notation instead
string.append(Character(UnicodeScalar(tuple16[i]))) // cannot access element using subscript for tuple type 'Tuple16' (aka '(Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)'); use '.' notation instead

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}
```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        let cString = withUnsafePointer(to: tuple16) { $0.withMemoryRebound(to: CChar.self, capacity: 16) { $0 } }
        self.init(cString: cString)
    }
}

// Example usage:
let tuple16: Tuple16 = (0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F, 0x20, 0x57, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x21, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
print(string) // Output: "Hello World!"
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) &&
        CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly) &&
        memcmp(CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs), CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs), CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)) == 0 &&
        CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) &&
        CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly)
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) &&
        CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly) &&
        memcmp(CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs), CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs), CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)) == 0 &&
        CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) &&
        CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly)
}
```

CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, .readOnly) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, .readOnly) // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           memcmp(CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs), CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs), CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)) == 0 &&
           CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0))
}

func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           memcmp(CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs), CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs), CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)) == 0 &&
           CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) &&
           CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0))
}

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers are not equal in size, pixel format, or content.
func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```

CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(lhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) && // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead
CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(rhs, CVPixelBufferLockFlags(rawValue: 0)) // type 'CVReturn' (aka 'Int32') cannot be used as a boolean; test for '!= 0' instead

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
}

func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
        CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
}

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers are not equal in size, pixel format, or content.
func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
}

func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs) &&
           CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs) == CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
}

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers are not equal in size, pixel format, or content.
func !=(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return !(lhs == rhs)
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    if lhsSize != rhsSize {
        return false
    }
    let lhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    if lhsFormat != rhsFormat {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    if lhsBaseAddress != rhsBaseAddress {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
        return false
    }
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    if lhsBytesPerRow != rhsBytesPerRow {
       
 // XCTAssertTrue failed

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let lhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsFormat == rhsFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsBaseAddress == rhsBaseAddress
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let lhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsFormat == rhsFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsBaseAddress == rhsBaseAddress
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsData == rhsData
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsData == rhsData
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsData == rhsData
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsData == rhsData
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsWidth = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs)
    let lhsHeight = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    
    let rhsWidth = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs)
    let rhsHeight = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    
    return lhsWidth == rhsWidth && lhsHeight == rhsHeight && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsData == rhsData
}
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsWidth = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs)
    let lhsHeight = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let lhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    
    let rhsWidth = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs)
    let rhsHeight = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let rhsData = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    
    return lhsWidth == rhsWidth && lhsHeight == rhsHeight && lhsPixelFormat == rhsPixelFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsData == rhsData
}
```

 // XCTAssertFalse failed

import CoreVideo
```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(lhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(lhs)
    let rhsSize = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(rhs) * CVPixelBufferGetHeight(rhs)
    let lhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(lhs)
    let rhsPixelFormat = CVPixelBufferGetPixelFormatType(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRow(rhs)
    let lhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(lhs)
    let rhsBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddress(rhs)
    let lhsBytesPerRowAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRowAlignment(lhs)
    let rhsBytesPerRowAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRowAlignment(rhs)
    let lhsPlaneCount = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneCount(lhs)
    let rhsPlaneCount = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneCount(rhs)
    let lhsPlaneBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBaseAddress(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBaseAddress = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBaseAddress(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRow(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRow = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRow(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowAlignment(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowAlignment(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneSize = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneSize(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneSize = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneSize(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowAlignmentOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowAlignmentOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignment(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignment(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignment(rhs, 0)
    let lhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset(lhs, 0)
    let rhsPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffsetAlignmentOffset = CVPixelBufferGetPlaneBytesPerRowOffsetAlignmentOffset
 // XCTAssertTrue failed

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let publicItems = items.map { item in
        let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value)
        return publicItem
    }
    return publicItems
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let publicItems = items.map { item in
        let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value)
        return publicItem
    }
    return publicItems
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // Output: [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.size
    let stride = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.stride
    let alignment = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment
    
    // Allocate memory for the new array of public structs
    let publicItems = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: count)
    
    // Copy the private structs into the new array of public structs
    for i in 0..<count {
        let privateItem = items[i]
        let publicItem = publicItems[i]
        publicItem.value = privateItem.value
    }
    
    // Return the new array of public structs
    return Array(UnsafeBufferPointer(start: publicItems, count: count))
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.size
    let stride = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.stride
    let alignment = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment
    
    // Allocate memory for the new array of public structs
    let publicItems = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: count)
    
    // Copy the private structs into the new array of public structs
    for i in 0..<count {
        let privateItem = items[i]
        let publicItem = publicItems[i]
        publicItem.value = privateItem.value
    }
    
    // Return the new array of public structs
    return Array(UnsafeBufferPointer(start: publicItems, count: count))
}
```

publicItem.value = privateItem.value // cannot assign to property: 'value' is a 'let' constant
publicItem.value = privateItem.value // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let alignment = MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0])
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: count * size)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    for i in 0..<count {
        let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque())
        let destination = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(buffer.baseAddress! + i * size)
        memcpy(destination, source, size)
    }
    return buffer.withMemoryRebound(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) { $0 }
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let alignment = MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0])
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: count * size)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    for i in 0..<count {
        let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque())
        let destination = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(buffer.baseAddress! + i * size)
        memcpy(destination, source, size)
    }
    return buffer.withMemoryRebound(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) { $0 }
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque()) // generic struct 'Unmanaged' requires that 'PrivateItem' be a class type
let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque()) // generic struct 'Unmanaged' requires that 'PrivateItem' be a class type
let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque()) // cannot pass immutable value as inout argument: 'items' is a 'let' constant
let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque()) // '&' used with non-inout argument of type 'PrivateItem'
let source = UnsafeRawPointer(Unmanaged.passUnretained(&items[i]).toOpaque()) // generic struct 'Unmanaged' requires that 'PrivateItem' be a class type
return buffer.withMemoryRebound(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) { $0 } // extra trailing closure passed in call
return buffer.withMemoryRebound(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) { $0 } // cannot convert value of type 'Int' to expected argument type '(UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<PublicItem>) throws -> [PublicItem]'

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let alignment = MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0])
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableRawBufferPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: alignment)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { privateItems in
        buffer.initializeMemory(from: privateItems.baseAddress!, byteCount: count * size)
    }
    return buffer.bindMemory(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count)
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let alignment = MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0])
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableRawBufferPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: alignment)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { privateItems in
        buffer.initializeMemory(from: privateItems.baseAddress!, byteCount: count * size)
    }
    return buffer.bindMemory(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count)
}

// Example usage
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

buffer.initializeMemory(from: privateItems.baseAddress!, byteCount: count * size) // cannot convert value of type 'UnsafePointer<PrivateItem>' to expected argument type 'Int.Type'
buffer.initializeMemory(from: privateItems.baseAddress!, byteCount: count * size) // incorrect argument labels in call (have 'from:byteCount:', expected 'as:repeating:')
return buffer.bindMemory(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) // cannot convert return expression of type 'UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<PublicItem>' to return type '[PublicItem]'
return buffer.bindMemory(to: PublicItem.self, capacity: count) // extra argument 'capacity' in call

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value)
        publicItems.append(publicItem)
    }
    return publicItems
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n) time complexity, O(n) space complexity
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value)
        publicItems.append(publicItem)
    }
    return publicItems
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // Output: [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

let publicItem = PublicItem(value: item.value) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) }
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) }
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) }
}
```

return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) } // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) }
}

func reveal2(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal3(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal4(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal5(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal6(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal7(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal8(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

func reveal9(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) }
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal2(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal3(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal4(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal5(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal6(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal7(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal8(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by using a temporary buffer to copy the values, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal9(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { // O(n)
    var result = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>.allocate(capacity: 1)
        buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value))
        result.append(buffer.pointee)
        buffer.deallocate()
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an
return items.map { PublicItem(value: $0.value) } // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level
buffer.initialize(to: PublicItem(value: item.value)) // 'value' is inaccessible due to 'private' protection level

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {    
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0]))
    pointer.copyMemory(from: items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { $0.baseAddress! }, byteCount: count * size)
    let publicItems = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: pointer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count)
    pointer.deallocate()
    return Array(publicItems)
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {    
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: MemoryLayout.alignment(ofValue: items[0]))
    pointer.copyMemory(from: items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { $0.baseAddress! }, byteCount: count * size)
    let publicItems = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: pointer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count)
    pointer.deallocate()
    return Array(publicItems)
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // Output: [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

 // XCTAssertEqual failed: ([0, 1, 2]) is not equal to ([2148007936, 8702366888, 0])

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {    
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.size
    let alignment = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: alignment)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    memcpy(buffer, items, count * size)
    let publicItems = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: buffer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count)
    return Array(publicItems)
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {    
    let count = items.count
    let size = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.size
    let alignment = MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment
    let buffer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: count * size, alignment: alignment)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    memcpy(buffer, items, count * size)
    let publicItems = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: buffer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count)
    return Array(publicItems)
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // Output: [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let count = items.count
    let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: size * count, alignment: MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment)
    defer { pointer.deallocate() }
    items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { buffer in
        pointer.copyMemory(from: buffer.baseAddress!, byteCount: size * count)
    }
    return UnsafeBufferPointer(start: pointer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count).map { $0 }
}
```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] { 
    let size = MemoryLayout.size(ofValue: items[0])
    let count = items.count
    let pointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer.allocate(byteCount: size * count, alignment: MemoryLayout<PrivateItem>.alignment)
    defer { pointer.deallocate() }
    items.withUnsafeBufferPointer { buffer in
        pointer.copyMemory(from: buffer.baseAddress!, byteCount: size * count)
    }
    return UnsafeBufferPointer(start: pointer.assumingMemoryBound(to: PublicItem.self), count: count).map { $0 }
}

// Example usage:
let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // Output: [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta"
let version3 = "1.2.3"

print(compareVersions(version1, version2)) // Output: .orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version2, version3)) // Output: .orderedDescending
print(compareVersions(version3, version1)) // Output: .orderedDescending
```

let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0 // left side of nil coalescing operator '??' has non-optional type 'Int', so the right side is never used
let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0 // left side of nil coalescing operator '??' has non-optional type 'Int', so the right side is never used
 // Fatal error: Index out of range

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = i < lhsComponents.count ? lhsComponents[i] : "0"
        let rhsComponent = i < rhsComponents.count ? rhsComponents[i] : "0"
        
        if lhsComponent == rhsComponent {
            continue
        }
        
        let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent) ?? 0
        let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) ?? 0
        
        if lhsInt < rhsInt {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
            return .orderedDescending
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponent.contains("alpha") || lhsComponent.contains("beta")
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponent.contains("alpha") || rhsComponent.contains("beta")
            
            if lhsAlpha && !rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if !lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else {
                return .orderedSame
            }
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = i < lhsComponents.count ? lhsComponents[i] : "0"
        let rhsComponent = i < rhsComponents.count ? rhsComponents[i] : "0"
        
        if lhsComponent == rhsComponent {
            continue
        }
        
        let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent) ?? 0
        let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) ?? 0
        
        if lhsInt < rhsInt {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
            return .orderedDescending
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponent.contains("alpha") || lhsComponent.contains("beta")
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponent.contains("alpha") || rhsComponent.contains("beta")
            
            if lhsAlpha && !rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if !lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else {
                return .orderedSame
            }
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.0.0"
let version2 = "1.0.1"
let version3 = "1.0.0-alpha"
let version4 = "1.0.0-beta"

print(compareVersions(version1, version2)) // Output: orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version1, version3)) // Output: orderedDescending
print(compareVersions(version3, version4)) // Output: orderedAscending
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta"
let result = compareVersions(version1, version2)
print(result) // Output: .orderedAscending
```

let lhsValue = lhsComponents[i] ?? 0 // left side of nil coalescing operator '??' has non-optional type 'Int', so the right side is never used
let rhsValue = rhsComponents[i] ?? 0 // left side of nil coalescing operator '??' has non-optional type 'Int', so the right side is never used
 // Fatal error: Index out of range

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")

    for (lhsComponent, rhsComponent) in zip(lhsComponents, rhsComponents) {
        let lhsVersion = Int(lhsComponent) ?? 0
        let rhsVersion = Int(rhsComponent) ?? 0

        if lhsVersion < rhsVersion {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsVersion > rhsVersion {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }

    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")

    for (lhsComponent, rhsComponent) in zip(lhsComponents, rhsComponents) {
        let lhsVersion = Int(lhsComponent) ?? 0
        let rhsVersion = Int(rhsComponent) ?? 0

        if lhsVersion < rhsVersion {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsVersion > rhsVersion {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }

    return .orderedSame
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta"
let result = compareVersions(version1, version2)
print(result) // Output: .orderedAscending
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split the version strings into their components
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".")

    // Compare the major, minor, and patch components
    for i in 0..<min(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]

        // If the components are numeric, compare them as integers
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else {
            // If the components are not numeric, compare them as strings
            if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        }
    }

    // If the components are equal up to this point, compare the number of components
    if lhsComponents.count < rhsComponents.count {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsComponents.count > rhsComponents.count {
        return .orderedDescending
    }

    // If the components are equal, the versions are the same
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split the version strings into their components
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".")

    // Compare the major, minor, and patch components
    for i in 0..<min(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]

        // If the components are numeric, compare them as integers
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else {
            // If the components are not numeric, compare them as strings
            if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        }
    }

    // If the components are equal up to this point, compare the number of components
    if lhsComponents.count < rhsComponents.count {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsComponents.count > rhsComponents.count {
        return .orderedDescending
    }

    // If the components are equal, the versions are the same
    return .orderedSame
}

// Example usage
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta"
let version3 = "1.2.3"

print(compareVersions(version1, version2)) // Output: orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version2, version3)) // Output: orderedDescending
print(compareVersions(version1, version3)) // Output: orderedAscending
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    let maxComponents = max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count)
    
    for i in 0..<maxComponents {
        let lhsComponent = i < lhsComponents.count ? lhsComponents[i] : "0"
        let rhsComponent = i < rhsComponents.count ? rhsComponents[i] : "0"
        
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponent.contains("alpha") || lhsComponent.contains("beta")
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponent.contains("alpha") || rhsComponent.contains("beta")
            
            if lhsAlpha && !rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if !lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else if lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "a") ?? lhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "b") ?? lhsComponent.endIndex
                let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "a") ?? rhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "b") ?? rhsComponent.endIndex
                
                let lhsAlphaValue = lhsComponent[lhsAlphaIndex...].dropFirst().compactMap { Int(String($0)) }.first ?? 0
                let rhsAlphaValue = rhsComponent[rhsAlphaIndex...].dropFirst().compactMap { Int(String($0)) }.first ?? 0
                
                if lhsAlphaValue < rhsAlphaValue {
                    return .orderedAscending
                } else if lhsAlphaValue > rhsAlphaValue {
                    return .orderedDescending
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    let maxComponents = max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count)
    
    for i in 0..<maxComponents {
        let lhsComponent = i < lhsComponents.count ? lhsComponents[i] : "0"
        let rhsComponent = i < rhsComponents.count ? rhsComponents[i] : "0"
        
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponent), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponent) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponent.contains("alpha") || lhsComponent.contains("beta")
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponent.contains("alpha") || rhsComponent.contains("beta")
            
            if lhsAlpha && !rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if !lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else if lhsAlpha && rhsAlpha {
                let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "a") ?? lhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "b") ?? lhsComponent.endIndex
                let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "a") ?? rhsComponent.firstIndex(of: "b") ?? rhsComponent.endIndex
                
                let lhsAlphaValue = lhsComponent[lhsAlphaIndex...].dropFirst().compactMap { Int(String($0)) }.first ?? 0
                let rhsAlphaValue = rhsComponent[rhsAlphaIndex...].dropFirst().compactMap { Int(String($0)) }.first ?? 0
                
                if lhsAlphaValue < rhsAlphaValue {
                    return .orderedAscending
                } else if lhsAlphaValue > rhsAlphaValue {
                    return .orderedDescending
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")

    let lhsMajor = Int(lhsComponents[0]) ?? 0
    let rhsMajor = Int(rhsComponents[0]) ?? 0

    if lhsMajor != rhsMajor {
        return lhsMajor > rhsMajor ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsMinor = Int(lhsComponents[1]) ?? 0
    let rhsMinor = Int(rhsComponents[1]) ?? 0

    if lhsMinor != rhsMinor {
        return lhsMinor > rhsMinor ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsPatch = Int(lhsComponents[2]) ?? 0
    let rhsPatch = Int(rhsComponents[2]) ?? 0

    if lhsPatch != rhsPatch {
        return lhsPatch > rhsPatch ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsSuffix = lhsComponents[3]
    let rhsSuffix = rhsComponents[3]

    if lhsSuffix == rhsSuffix {
        return .orderedSame
    }

    if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") {
        return .orderedDescending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") {
        let lhsAlpha = Int(lhsSuffix.dropFirst(5)) ?? 0
        let rhsAlpha = Int(rhsSuffix.dropFirst(5)) ?? 0
        return lhsAlpha > rhsAlpha ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") {
        let lhsBeta = Int(lhsSuffix.dropFirst(4)) ?? 0
        let rhsBeta = Int(rhsSuffix.dropFirst(4)) ?? 0
        return lhsBeta > rhsBeta ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    } else {
        return .orderedSame
    }
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")

    let lhsMajor = Int(lhsComponents[0]) ?? 0
    let rhsMajor = Int(rhsComponents[0]) ?? 0

    if lhsMajor != rhsMajor {
        return lhsMajor > rhsMajor ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsMinor = Int(lhsComponents[1]) ?? 0
    let rhsMinor = Int(rhsComponents[1]) ?? 0

    if lhsMinor != rhsMinor {
        return lhsMinor > rhsMinor ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsPatch = Int(lhsComponents[2]) ?? 0
    let rhsPatch = Int(rhsComponents[2]) ?? 0

    if lhsPatch != rhsPatch {
        return lhsPatch > rhsPatch ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    }

    let lhsSuffix = lhsComponents[3]
    let rhsSuffix = rhsComponents[3]

    if lhsSuffix == rhsSuffix {
        return .orderedSame
    }

    if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") {
        return .orderedDescending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("alpha") {
        let lhsAlpha = Int(lhsSuffix.dropFirst(5)) ?? 0
        let rhsAlpha = Int(rhsSuffix.dropFirst(5)) ?? 0
        return lhsAlpha > rhsAlpha ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") && rhsSuffix.hasPrefix("beta") {
        let lhsBeta = Int(lhsSuffix.dropFirst(4)) ?? 0
        let rhsBeta = Int(rhsSuffix.dropFirst(4)) ?? 0
        return lhsBeta > rhsBeta ? .orderedDescending : .orderedAscending
    } else {
        return .orderedSame
    }
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha1"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta2"
let version3 = "1.2.3"

print(compareVersions(version1, version2)) // Output: .orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version2, version3)) // Output: .orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version3, version1)) // Output: .orderedDescending
```

 // Fatal error: Index out of range

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    let lhsVersion = lhsComponents.map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsVersion = rhsComponents.map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("alpha") }
    let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("alpha") }
    
    let lhsBetaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("beta") }
    let rhsBetaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("beta") }
    
    let lhsAlphaVersion = lhsAlphaIndex != nil ? Int(lhsComponents[lhsAlphaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "alpha", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    let rhsAlphaVersion = rhsAlphaIndex != nil ? Int(rhsComponents[rhsAlphaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "alpha", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    
    let lhsBetaVersion = lhsBetaIndex != nil ? Int(lhsComponents[lhsBetaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "beta", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    let rhsBetaVersion = rhsBetaIndex != nil ? Int(rhsComponents[rhsBetaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "beta", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsVersion.count, rhsVersion.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsVersion.count > i ? lhsVersion[i] : 0
        let rhsValue = rhsVersion.count > i ? rhsVersion[i] : 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    if lhsAlphaVersion < rhsAlphaVersion {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsAlphaVersion > rhsAlphaVersion {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    if lhsBetaVersion < rhsBetaVersion {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsBetaVersion > rhsBetaVersion {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    let lhsVersion = lhsComponents.map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsVersion = rhsComponents.map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("alpha") }
    let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("alpha") }
    
    let lhsBetaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("beta") }
    let rhsBetaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0.contains("beta") }
    
    let lhsAlphaVersion = lhsAlphaIndex != nil ? Int(lhsComponents[lhsAlphaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "alpha", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    let rhsAlphaVersion = rhsAlphaIndex != nil ? Int(rhsComponents[rhsAlphaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "alpha", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    
    let lhsBetaVersion = lhsBetaIndex != nil ? Int(lhsComponents[lhsBetaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "beta", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    let rhsBetaVersion = rhsBetaIndex != nil ? Int(rhsComponents[rhsBetaIndex!].replacingOccurrences(of: "beta", with: "")) ?? 0 : 0
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsVersion.count, rhsVersion.count) {
        let lhsValue = lhsVersion.count > i ? lhsVersion[i] : 0
        let rhsValue = rhsVersion.count > i ? rhsVersion[i] : 0
        
        if lhsValue < rhsValue {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    if lhsAlphaVersion < rhsAlphaVersion {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsAlphaVersion > rhsAlphaVersion {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    if lhsBetaVersion < rhsBetaVersion {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsBetaVersion > rhsBetaVersion {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    return .orderedSame
}
```

 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0 < 0 }
    let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0 < 0 }
    
    if let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsAlphaIndex, let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsAlphaIndex {
        if lhsAlphaIndex < rhsAlphaIndex {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsAlphaIndex > rhsAlphaIndex {
            return .orderedDescending
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponents[lhsAlphaIndex]
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponents[rhsAlphaIndex]
            if lhsAlpha < rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsAlpha > rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else {
                return .orderedSame
            }
        }
    } else if let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsAlphaIndex {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsAlphaIndex {
        return .orderedDescending
    } else {
        for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
            let lhsValue = lhsComponents.count > i ? lhsComponents[i] : 0
            let rhsValue = rhsComponents.count > i ? rhsComponents[i] : 0
            if lhsValue < rhsValue {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        }
        return .orderedSame
    }
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".").map { Int($0) ?? 0 }
    
    let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsComponents.firstIndex { $0 < 0 }
    let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsComponents.firstIndex { $0 < 0 }
    
    if let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsAlphaIndex, let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsAlphaIndex {
        if lhsAlphaIndex < rhsAlphaIndex {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsAlphaIndex > rhsAlphaIndex {
            return .orderedDescending
        } else {
            let lhsAlpha = lhsComponents[lhsAlphaIndex]
            let rhsAlpha = rhsComponents[rhsAlphaIndex]
            if lhsAlpha < rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsAlpha > rhsAlpha {
                return .orderedDescending
            } else {
                return .orderedSame
            }
        }
    } else if let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsAlphaIndex {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsAlphaIndex {
        return .orderedDescending
    } else {
        for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
            let lhsValue = lhsComponents.count > i ? lhsComponents[i] : 0
            let rhsValue = rhsComponents.count > i ? rhsComponents[i] : 0
            if lhsValue < rhsValue {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsValue > rhsValue {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        }
        return .orderedSame
    }
}

// Example usage:
let version1 = "1.2.3-alpha"
let version2 = "1.2.3-beta"
let version3 = "1.2.3"
let version4 = "1.2.4"

print(compareVersions(version1, version2)) // Output: orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version2, version3)) // Output: orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version3, version4)) // Output: orderedAscending
print(compareVersions(version4, version1)) // Output: orderedDescending
```

} else if let lhsAlphaIndex = lhsAlphaIndex { // value 'lhsAlphaIndex' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test
} else if let rhsAlphaIndex = rhsAlphaIndex { // value 'rhsAlphaIndex' was defined but never used; consider replacing with boolean test
 // XCTAssertTrue failed

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split the version strings into their components (major, minor, patch, pre-release, build metadata)
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    // Compare the major, minor, and patch components
    for i in 0..<3 {
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponents[i]), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponents[i]) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else if lhsComponents[i] < rhsComponents[i] {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsComponents[i] > rhsComponents[i] {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    // Compare the pre-release components
    let lhsPreRelease = lhsComponents[3...].joined(separator: ".")
    let rhsPreRelease = rhsComponents[3...].joined(separator: ".")
    if lhsPreRelease < rhsPreRelease {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsPreRelease > rhsPreRelease {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    // Compare the build metadata components
    let lhsBuildMetadata = lhsComponents[4...].joined(separator: ".")
    let rhsBuildMetadata = rhsComponents[4...].joined(separator: ".")
    if lhsBuildMetadata < rhsBuildMetadata {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsBuildMetadata > rhsBuildMetadata {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    // If all components are equal, the versions are the same
    return .orderedSame
}
```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split the version strings into their components (major, minor, patch, pre-release, build metadata)
    let lhsComponents = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsComponents = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    // Compare the major, minor, and patch components
    for i in 0..<3 {
        if let lhsInt = Int(lhsComponents[i]), let rhsInt = Int(rhsComponents[i]) {
            if lhsInt < rhsInt {
                return .orderedAscending
            } else if lhsInt > rhsInt {
                return .orderedDescending
            }
        } else if lhsComponents[i] < rhsComponents[i] {
            return .orderedAscending
        } else if lhsComponents[i] > rhsComponents[i] {
            return .orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    // Compare the pre-release components
    let lhsPreRelease = lhsComponents[3...].joined(separator: ".")
    let rhsPreRelease = rhsComponents[3...].joined(separator: ".")
    if lhsPreRelease < rhsPreRelease {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsPreRelease > rhsPreRelease {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    // Compare the build metadata components
    let lhsBuildMetadata = lhsComponents[4...].joined(separator: ".")
    let rhsBuildMetadata = rhsComponents[4...].joined(separator: ".")
    if lhsBuildMetadata < rhsBuildMetadata {
        return .orderedAscending
    } else if lhsBuildMetadata > rhsBuildMetadata {
        return .orderedDescending
    }
    
    // If all components are equal, the versions are the same
    return .orderedSame
}
```

 // Fatal error: Index out of range