typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(url: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(file: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(url: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(file: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(url: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(url: URL) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
    let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as! JSON
    return json
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
    let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as! JSON
    return json
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

```swift
typealias JSON = [String: Any]

enum ParsingError: Error {
    case invalidInput
    case internalError(Error)
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(string: String) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}

// JSON parser, returns custom error type in case of failures.
func parse(data: Data) throws -> JSON {
    //...
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

func generate(_ html: String) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree)
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML generator from string.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ html: String) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree)
}

// HTML parser.
// Parses HTML string to HTMLNode tree.
struct HTMLParser {
    func parse(_ html: String) -> HTMLNode {
        let parser = HTMLParser()
        let html = html.trimmingCharacters(in:.whitespacesAndNewlines)
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*?-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOccurrences(of: "<!--.*-->", with: "")
        let html = html.replacingOcc

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { key, value in
            "\(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined())\</\(name)>"
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { key, value in
            "\(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined())\</\(name)>"
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\(key)=\"\(value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined(separator: ""))</\(name)>"
    }
}

func generate(_ result: Result<HTMLNode>) -> String {
    switch result {
    case.success(let node):
        return generate(node)
    case.failure(let error):
        return "<div>Error: \(error)</div>"
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { "\(key)=\"\(value)\"" }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined(separator: ""))</\(name)>"
    }
}

// HTML generator from SwiftEval result.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ result: Result<HTMLNode>) -> String {
    switch result {
    case.success(let node):
        return generate(node)
    case.failure(let error):
        return "<div>Error: \(error)</div>"
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { key, value in
            "\(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined())\</\(name)>"
    }
}

func generate(_ html: String) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree)
}

func generate(_ html: String, _ attributes: [String : String]) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree, attributes: attributes)
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        let attributesString = attributes.map { key, value in
            "\(key)=\"\(value)\""
        }.joined(separator: " ")
        return "<\(name) \(attributesString)>\(children.map(generate).joined())\</\(name)>"
    }
}

// HTML generator from string.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ html: String) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree)
}

// HTML generator from string.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ html: String, _ attributes: [String : String]) -> String {
    let parser = HTMLParser()
    let tree = parser.parse(html)
    return generate(tree, attributes: attributes)
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

func parse(_ html: String) -> [HTMLNode] {
    var result: [HTMLNode] = []
    var currentNode: HTMLNode? = nil
    var currentAttributes: [String: String] = [:]
    var currentChildren: [HTMLNode] = []
    var currentName: String? = nil
    var currentContent: String? = nil
    var currentState: HTMLParserState =.text
    var currentIndex = 0
    var currentLength = html.count
    
    while currentIndex < currentLength {
        let currentChar = html[currentIndex]
        switch currentState {
        case.text:
            if currentChar == "<" {
                currentState =.tag
            } else {
                currentContent = currentContent?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.tag:
            if currentChar == ">" {
                currentState =.text
                if currentName == "div" {
                    currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                    currentAttributes = [:]
                    currentChildren = []
                    currentName = nil
                } else if currentName == "a" {
                    currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                    currentAttributes = [:]
                    currentChildren = []
                    currentName = nil
                } else {
                    currentName = nil
                }
            } else if currentChar == "/" {
                currentState =.endTag
            } else if currentChar == " " {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentName = currentName?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.attribute:
            if currentChar == "=" {
                currentState =.attributeValue
            } else if currentChar == " " {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentAttributes[currentName!] = currentAttributes[currentName!]?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.attributeValue:
            if currentChar == "\"" {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentAttributes[currentName!] = currentAttributes[currentName!]?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.endTag:
            if currentChar == ">" {
                currentState =.text
                currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                currentAttributes = [:]
                currentChildren = []
                currentName = nil
            } else {
                currentName = currentName?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        }
        currentIndex += 1
        if currentNode!= nil {
            currentChildren.append(currentNode!)
            currentNode = nil
        }
    }
    
    return result
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

// HTML parser from string.
// Output with standart HTML like this [.element("div", attributes: ["class": "test"], children: [.element("a", attributes: ["href": "swifteval"])])]
func parse(_ html: String) -> [HTMLNode] {
    var result: [HTMLNode] = []
    var currentNode: HTMLNode? = nil
    var currentAttributes: [String: String] = [:]
    var currentChildren: [HTMLNode] = []
    var currentName: String? = nil
    var currentContent: String? = nil
    var currentState: HTMLParserState =.text
    var currentIndex = 0
    var currentLength = html.count
    
    while currentIndex < currentLength {
        let currentChar = html[currentIndex]
        switch currentState {
        case.text:
            if currentChar == "<" {
                currentState =.tag
            } else {
                currentContent = currentContent?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.tag:
            if currentChar == ">" {
                currentState =.text
                if currentName == "div" {
                    currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                    currentAttributes = [:]
                    currentChildren = []
                    currentName = nil
                } else if currentName == "a" {
                    currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                    currentAttributes = [:]
                    currentChildren = []
                    currentName = nil
                } else {
                    currentName = nil
                }
            } else if currentChar == "/" {
                currentState =.endTag
            } else if currentChar == " " {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentName = currentName?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.attribute:
            if currentChar == "=" {
                currentState =.attributeValue
            } else if currentChar == " " {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentAttributes[currentName!] = currentAttributes[currentName!]?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.attributeValue:
            if currentChar == "\"" {
                currentState =.attribute
            } else {
                currentAttributes[currentName!] = currentAttributes[currentName!]?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        case.endTag:
            if currentChar == ">" {
                currentState =.text
                currentNode =.element(currentName!, attributes: currentAttributes, children: currentChildren)
                currentAttributes = [:]
                currentChildren = []
                currentName = nil
            } else {
                currentName = currentName?.appending(currentChar)?? currentChar
            }
        }
        currentIndex += 1
        if currentNode!= nil {
            currentChildren.append(currentNode!)
            currentNode = nil
        }
    }
    
    return result
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var result = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            result += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        result += ">"
        for child in children {
            result += generate(child)
        }
        result += "</" + name + ">"
        return result
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        var output = "<" + name
        for (key, value) in attributes {
            output += " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }
        output += ">"
        for child in children {
            output += generate(child)
        }
        output += "</" + name + ">"
        return output
    }
}
```

indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        return "<" + name + attributes.map { key, value in
            " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }.joined() + ">" + children.map(generate).joined() + "</" + name + ">"
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum HTMLNode {
    case text(_ content: String)
    case element(_ name: String, attributes: [String : String] = [:], children: [Self] = [])
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        return "<" + name + attributes.map { key, value in
            " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }.joined() + ">" + children.map(generate).joined() + "</" + name + ">"
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        return "<" + name + attributes.map { key, value in
            " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }.joined() + ">" + children.map(generate).joined() + "</" + name + ">"
    }
}

// HTML generator from predefined elements tree.
// Output with standart HTML like this "<div><a href="swifteval"></a></div>"
func generate(_ tree: HTMLNode) -> String {
    switch tree {
    case.text(let content):
        return content
    case.element(let name, let attributes, let children):
        return "<" + name + attributes.map { key, value in
            " " + key + "=\"" + value + "\""
        }.joined() + ">" + children.map(generate).joined() + "</" + name + ">"
    }
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
            index += 1
        case "(":
            let start = index + 1
            let end = tokens.index(after: tokens.firstIndex(where: { $0 == "(" }))
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[start...end])
            index = end + 1
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                result = number
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    return result
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
            index += 1
        case "(":
            let start = index + 1
            let end = tokens.index(after: tokens.firstIndex(where: { $0 == "(" }))
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[start...end])
            index = end + 1
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                result = number
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    return result
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = stack.popLast()!
            let left = stack.popLast()!
            stack.append(calculate(left: left, right: right, operator: token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst(until: tokens.index(of: ")")))!)
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()!
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
        index += 1
    }
    return stack.first!
}

func calculate(left: Double, right: Double, operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        return left / right
    default:
        fatalError("Unknown operator: \(operator)")
    }
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = stack.popLast()!
            let left = stack.popLast()!
            stack.append(calculate(left: left, right: right, operator: token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst(until: tokens.index(of: ")")))!)
        case ")":
            return stack.popLast()!
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
        index += 1
    }
    return stack.first!
}

func calculate(left: Double, right: Double, operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        return left / right
    default:
        fatalError("Unknown operator: \(operator)")
    }
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculator(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculator(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result = 0.0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(0.0)
        case ")":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, ")"))
        default:
            guard token.doubleValue!= nil else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(token.doubleValue!)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}

func calculate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        guard right!= 0.0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
        return left / right
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculator(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculator(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result = 0.0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(0.0)
        case ")":
            guard stack.count > 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, ")"))
        default:
            guard token.doubleValue!= nil else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            stack.append(token.doubleValue!)
        }
    }
    guard stack.count == 1 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}

func calculate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        guard right!= 0.0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
        return left / right
    default:
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double
    var currentToken: String
    var currentOperator: String
    var currentOperand: Double

    for token in tokens {
        if isOperator(token: token) {
            if currentOperator!= "" {
                result = calculate(operand: currentOperand, operator: currentOperator, operand2: result)
            }
            currentOperator = token
            currentOperand = 0
        } else if isOperand(token: token) {
            currentOperand = Double(token)!
        } else if token == "(" {
            currentOperand = try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            tokens.removeFirst()
        } else if token == ")" {
            return result
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }

    if currentOperator!= "" {
        result = calculate(operand: currentOperand, operator: currentOperator, operand2: result)
    }

    return result
}

func calculate(operand: Double, operator: String, operand2: Double) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return operand + operand2
    case "-":
        return operand - operand2
    case "*":
        return operand * operand2
    case "/":
        return operand / operand2
    default:
        fatalError("Unknown operator")
    }
}

func isOperator(_ token: String) -> Bool {
    switch token {
    case "+", "-", "*", "/":
        return true
    default:
        return false
    }
}

func isOperand(_ token: String) -> Bool {
    return!isOperator(token: token)
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double
    var currentToken: String
    var currentOperator: String
    var currentOperand: Double

    for token in tokens {
        if isOperator(token: token) {
            if currentOperator!= "" {
                result = calculate(operand: currentOperand, operator: currentOperator, operand2: result)
            }
            currentOperator = token
            currentOperand = 0
        } else if isOperand(token: token) {
            currentOperand = Double(token)!
        } else if token == "(" {
            currentOperand = try calculate(tokens: tokens.dropFirst())
            tokens.removeFirst()
        } else if token == ")" {
            return result
        } else {
            throw CalculateError.invalidInput
        }
    }

    if currentOperator!= "" {
        result = calculate(operand: currentOperand, operator: currentOperator, operand2: result)
    }

    return result
}

func calculate(operand: Double, operator: String, operand2: Double) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return operand + operand2
    case "-":
        return operand - operand2
    case "*":
        return operand * operand2
    case "/":
        return operand / operand2
    default:
        fatalError("Unknown operator")
    }
}

func isOperator(_ token: String) -> Bool {
    switch token {
    case "+", "-", "*", "/":
        return true
    default:
        return false
    }
}

func isOperand(_ token: String) -> Bool {
    return!isOperator(token: token)
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(calculate(tokens: tokens))
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            stack.append(Double(token)!)
        }
    }
    return stack.removeLast()
}

func calculate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        return left / right
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(calculate(left, right, token))
        case "(":
            stack.append(calculate(tokens: tokens))
        case ")":
            return stack.removeLast()
        default:
            stack.append(Double(token)!)
        }
    }
    return stack.removeLast()
}

func calculate(_ left: Double, _ right: Double, _ operator: String) -> Double {
    switch operator {
    case "+":
        return left + right
    case "-":
        return left - right
    case "*":
        return left * right
    case "/":
        return left / right
    default:
        fatalError("Invalid operator")
    }
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculateTokens(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculateTokens(_ tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left / right)
        case "(":
            stack.append(token)
        case ")":
            let last = stack.removeLast()
            while last!= "(" {
                let right = stack.removeLast()
                let left = stack.removeLast()
                stack.append(left + right)
                last = stack.removeLast()
            }
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculateTokens(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculateTokens(_ tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left + right)
        case "-":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left - right)
        case "*":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left * right)
        case "/":
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            stack.append(left / right)
        case "(":
            stack.append(token)
        case ")":
            let last = stack.removeLast()
            while last!= "(" {
                let right = stack.removeLast()
                let left = stack.removeLast()
                stack.append(left + right)
                last = stack.removeLast()
            }
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+":
            result += try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "-":
            result -= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "*":
            result *= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "/":
            result /= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "(":
            index += 1
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case ")":
            return result
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                result = number
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
        index += 1
    }
    return result
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var index = 0
    while index < tokens.count {
        let token = tokens[index]
        switch token {
        case "+":
            result += try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "-":
            result -= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "*":
            result *= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "/":
            result /= try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case "(":
            index += 1
            result = try calculate(tokens: tokens[index...])
        case ")":
            return result
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                result = number
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
        index += 1
    }
    return result
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    //...
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    //...
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: [])
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String], stack: [Double]) throws -> Double {
    var result = stack
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: result)
            let left = result.popLast()!
            result = [left + right, left - right, left * right, left / right]
        case "(":
            let inner = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: result)
            result = [inner]
        case ")":
            return result.popLast()!
        default:
            let number = Double(token)?? throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            result = [number]
        }
    }
    return result.popLast()!
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: [])
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String], stack: [Double]) throws -> Double {
    var result = stack
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-", "*", "/":
            let right = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: result)
            let left = result.popLast()!
            result = [left + right, left - right, left * right, left / right]
        case "(":
            let inner = try calculate(tokens: tokens, stack: result)
            result = [inner]
        case ")":
            return result.popLast()!
        default:
            let number = Double(token)?? throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            result = [number]
        }
    }
    return result.popLast()!
}
```

enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            if token == "+" {
                stack.append(left + right)
            } else {
                stack.append(left - right)
            }
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            if token == "*" {
                stack.append(left * right)
            } else {
                guard right!= 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        case "(":
            stack.append(token)
        case ")":
            var count = 1
            while count > 0 {
                if let top = stack.last {
                    if top == "(" {
                        stack.removeLast()
                        count -= 1
                    } else {
                        stack.append(token)
                    }
                } else {
                    throw CalculateError.invalidInput
                }
            }
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    if stack.count!= 1 {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}

```swift
enum CalculateError: Error {
    case invalidInput
}

// Calculator which supports operations from readable string format.
// Valid tokens is "+-*/()", example input is "2+2*2".
func calculate(_ string: String) throws -> Double {
    let tokens = string.split(separator: " ")
    let result = try calculate(tokens: tokens)
    return result
}

func calculate(tokens: [String]) throws -> Double {
    var result: Double = 0
    var stack: [Double] = []
    for token in tokens {
        switch token {
        case "+", "-":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            if token == "+" {
                stack.append(left + right)
            } else {
                stack.append(left - right)
            }
        case "*", "/":
            guard stack.count >= 2 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
            let right = stack.removeLast()
            let left = stack.removeLast()
            if token == "*" {
                stack.append(left * right)
            } else {
                guard right!= 0 else { throw CalculateError.invalidInput }
                stack.append(left / right)
            }
        case "(":
            stack.append(token)
        case ")":
            var count = 1
            while count > 0 {
                if let top = stack.last {
                    if top == "(" {
                        stack.removeLast()
                        count -= 1
                    } else {
                        stack.append(token)
                    }
                } else {
                    throw CalculateError.invalidInput
                }
            }
        default:
            if let number = Double(token) {
                stack.append(number)
            } else {
                throw CalculateError.invalidInput
            }
        }
    }
    if stack.count!= 1 {
        throw CalculateError.invalidInput
    }
    result = stack.removeLast()
    return result
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = ["/bin/bash", "-c", "\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))"]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = ["/bin/bash", "-c", "\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))"]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe.
    var pipe = Pipe()
    
    // Create a process.
    var process = Process()
    process.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: binary)
    process.arguments = arguments
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    
    // Start the process.
    process.run()
    
    // Read stdout and stderr.
    var stdout = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String
    var stderr = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String
    
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe.
    var pipe = Pipe()
    
    // Create a process.
    var process = Process()
    process.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: binary)
    process.arguments = arguments
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    
    // Start the process.
    process.run()
    
    // Read stdout and stderr.
    var stdout = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String
    var stderr = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String
    
    // Return stdout and stderr.
    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var error: Unmanaged<CFError>?
    let pipe = Pipe()
    let task = launch(arguments: arguments, environment: [], currentDirectoryPath: nil, standardInput: pipe, standardOutput: pipe, standardError: pipe, error: &error)
    if let error = error {
        fatalError("Failed to launch binary: \(error)")
    }
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let stdout = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String()
    let stderr = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String()
    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var error: Unmanaged<CFError>?
    let pipe = Pipe()
    let task = launch(arguments: arguments, environment: [], currentDirectoryPath: nil, standardInput: pipe, standardOutput: pipe, standardError: pipe, error: &error)
    if let error = error {
        fatalError("Failed to launch binary: \(error)")
    }
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let stdout = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String()
    let stderr = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile().utf8String()
    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe to capture stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: binary)
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Redirect stdout and stderr to pipe.
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Execute process.
    process.run()
    // Get stdout and stderr from pipe.
    let stdout = String(data: pipe.data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    let stderr = String(data: pipe.dataForStandardError, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create pipe to capture stdout and stderr.
    let pipe = Pipe()
    // Create process with arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: binary)
    process.arguments = arguments
    // Redirect stdout and stderr to pipe.
    process.standardOutput = pipe
    process.standardError = pipe
    // Execute process.
    process.run()
    // Get stdout and stderr from pipe.
    let stdout = String(data: pipe.data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    let stderr = String(data: pipe.dataForStandardError, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitForExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitForExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var error: NSError?
    let task = NSTask()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutputGoesToDeviceNamed = "console"
    task.standardErrorGoesToDeviceNamed = "console"
    task.launchWithError(&error)
    let output = String(contentsOfFile: task.standardOutputPath!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    let errorOutput = String(contentsOfFile: task.standardErrorPath!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    return (output, errorOutput)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var error: NSError?
    let task = NSTask()
    task.launchPath = binary
    task.arguments = arguments
    task.standardOutputGoesToDeviceNamed = "console"
    task.standardErrorGoesToDeviceNamed = "console"
    task.launchWithError(&error)
    let output = String(contentsOfFile: task.standardOutputPath!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    let errorOutput = String(contentsOfFile: task.standardErrorPath!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    return (output, errorOutput)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutputOutputMask.bytes)
    let error = String(data: task.standardErrorOutputMask.bytes)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var stdout: String = ""
    var stderr: String = ""
    
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = [binary, "--", arguments.joined(separator: " ")]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.run()
    
    task.waitUntilExit()
    
    let output = task.standardOutput.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let error = task.standardError.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    
    stdout = String(data: output, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    stderr = String(data: error, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    
    return (stdout, stderr)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    var stdout: String = ""
    var stderr: String = ""
    
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = [binary, "--", arguments.joined(separator: " ")]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.run()
    
    task.waitUntilExit()
    
    let output = task.standardOutput.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let error = task.standardError.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    
    stdout = String(data: output, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    stderr = String(data: error, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    
    return (stdout, stderr)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe for stdout and stderr.
    var stdoutPipe = pipe()
    var stderrPipe = pipe()
    
    // Create a process with the binary and arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    process.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    
    // Connect the pipes to the process.
    stdoutPipe.fileHandleForReading.fileOperationDidFinish(read: {
        // Read the stdout and stderr.
        let stdout = stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        let stderr = stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        
        // Return the stdout and stderr.
        return (stdout as String, stderr as String)
    })
    stderrPipe.fileHandleForReading.fileOperationDidFinish(read: {
        // Read the stdout and stderr.
        let stdout = stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        let stderr = stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        
        // Return the stdout and stderr.
        return (stdout as String, stderr as String)
    })
    
    // Start the process.
    process.standardOutput = stdoutPipe
    process.standardError = stderrPipe
    process.launch()
    
    // Wait for the process to finish.
    process.waitForExit()
    
    // Close the pipes.
    stdoutPipe.closeFile()
    stderrPipe.closeFile()
    
    // Return the stdout and stderr.
    return (stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile() as String, stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile() as String)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    // Create a pipe for stdout and stderr.
    var stdoutPipe = pipe()
    var stderrPipe = pipe()
    
    // Create a process with the binary and arguments.
    let process = Process()
    process.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    process.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined(separator: " "))\""]
    
    // Connect the pipes to the process.
    stdoutPipe.fileHandleForReading.fileOperationDidFinish(read: {
        // Read the stdout and stderr.
        let stdout = stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        let stderr = stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        
        // Return the stdout and stderr.
        return (stdout as String, stderr as String)
    })
    stderrPipe.fileHandleForReading.fileOperationDidFinish(read: {
        // Read the stdout and stderr.
        let stdout = stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        let stderr = stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile()
        
        // Return the stdout and stderr.
        return (stdout as String, stderr as String)
    })
    
    // Start the process.
    process.standardOutput = stdoutPipe
    process.standardError = stderrPipe
    process.launch()
    
    // Wait for the process to finish.
    process.waitForExit()
    
    // Close the pipes.
    stdoutPipe.closeFile()
    stderrPipe.closeFile()
    
    // Return the stdout and stderr.
    return (stdoutPipe.readDataToEndOfFile() as String, stderrPipe.readDataToEndOfFile() as String)
}
```

func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/sh"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined())\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutput!.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    let error = String(data: task.standardError!.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (output, error)
}

```swift
// Function to execute binary with arguments.
// Returns tuple where first element is stdout and second is stderr.
func execute(binary: String, arguments: [String]) -> (String, String) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/sh"
    task.arguments = ["-c", "\"\(binary) \(arguments.joined())\""]
    task.standardOutput = Pipe()
    task.standardError = Pipe()
    task.launch()
    let output = String(data: task.standardOutput!.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    let error = String(data: task.standardError!.readDataToEndOfFile(), encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    return (output, error)
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let result = cache[input] {
            return result
        }
        let result = function(input)
        cache[input] = result
        return result
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        var result: U
        if let value = cache[argument] {
            result = value
        } else {
            result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
        }
        return result
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache: [T: U] = [:]
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        var result: U
        if let value = cache[argument] {
            result = value
        } else {
            result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
        }
        return result
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { (argument: T) -> U in
        if let result = cache[argument] {
            return result
        } else {
            let result = function(argument)
            cache[argument] = result
            return result
        }
    }
}
```

func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}

```swift
// Memoization function that caches the results of expensive computations.
func memoize<T: Hashable, U>(_ function: @escaping (T) -> U) -> (T) -> U {
    var cache = [T: U]()
    return { input in
        if let output = cache[input] {
            return output
        } else {
            let output = function(input)
            cache[input] = output
            return output
        }
    }
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        let result: T
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
        if error == nil {
            return result
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        let result: T
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
        if error == nil {
            return result
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
            return task()
        catch let e {
            error = e
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        let result: T
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
        if error == nil {
            return result
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        let result: T
        do {
            result = try task()
        } catch let e {
            error = e
        }
        if error == nil {
            return result
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}

```swift
// Retry mechanism that retries a task a specified number of times before failing.
func retry<T>(attempts: Int, task: @escaping () throws -> T) throws -> T {
    var error: Error?
    for _ in 0..<attempts {
        try
        {
            return task()
        }
        catch {
            error = error!
        }
    }
    throw error!
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        //...
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        //...
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    var registrations: [Any] = []

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations.append(type)
        registrations.append(factory)
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let index = registrations.firstIndex(where: { $0 === type }) else { return nil }
        guard index + 1 < registrations.count else { return nil }
        return registrations[index + 1] as? T
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    var registrations: [Any] = []

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations.append(type)
        registrations.append(factory)
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        guard let index = registrations.firstIndex(where: { $0 === type }) else { return nil }
        guard index + 1 < registrations.count else { return nil }
        return registrations[index + 1] as? T
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [String: (() -> Any)] = [:]
    
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[String(describing: type)] = { factory() }
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        if let registration = registrations[String(describing: type)] {
            return registration() as? T
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [String: (() -> Any)] = [:]
    
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[String(describing: type)] = { factory() }
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        if let registration = registrations[String(describing: type)] {
            return registration() as? T
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [Type: Any] = [:]
    
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[type] = factory()
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        return registrations[type] as? T
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [Type: Any] = [:]
    
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[type] = factory()
    }
    
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        return registrations[type] as? T
    }
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [String: (() -> Any)] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[String(describing: type)] = { factory() }
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        if let registration = registrations[String(describing: type)] {
            return registration() as? T
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol DIContainerProtocol {
    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T)
    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T?
}

// Simple dependency injection (DI) container.
class DIContainer: DIContainerProtocol {
    private var registrations: [String: (() -> Any)] = [:]

    func register<T>(_ type: T.Type, factory: @escaping () -> T) {
        registrations[String(describing: type)] = { factory() }
    }

    func resolve<T>(_ type: T.Type) -> T? {
        if let registration = registrations[String(describing: type)] {
            return registration() as? T
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: State]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = self.transitions[self.state][event] {
            self.state = transition[self.state]
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = self.transitions[from] {
            transition[to] = [event: to]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event: to]]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: State]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public API
    var state: State {
        get {
            return self.state
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = self.transitions[self.state][event] {
            self.state = transition[self.state]
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = self.transitions[from] {
            transition[to] = [event: to]
        } else {
            self.transitions[from] = [to: [event: to]]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let to = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = to
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let to = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = to
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            if let transition = transitions[state]?[newValue] {
                trigger(event: transition)
            } else {
                state = newValue
            }
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        state = state
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = event
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [to: event]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [State: Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            if let transition = transitions[state]?[newValue] {
                trigger(event: transition)
            } else {
                state = newValue
            }
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        state = state
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[to] = event
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [to: event]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let to = transitions[state][event] {
            state = to
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let to = transitions[state][event] {
            state = to
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let toState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = toState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    private var state: State
    private var transitions: [State: [Event: State]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    var state: State {
        get {
            return state
        }
        set {
            state = newValue
        }
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let toState = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = toState
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[event] = to
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    //...
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public methods
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[from] {
            transition[event] = {
                self.state = to
            }
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: {
                self.state = to
            }]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    // MARK: - Public methods
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[from] {
            transition[event] = {
                self.state = to
            }
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: {
                self.state = to
            }]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = transition
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [Event]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state]?[event] {
            state = transition
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transitions = transitions[from] {
            transitions[event] = to
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: to]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[from] {
            transition[event] = {
                self.state = to
            }
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: {
                self.state = to
            }]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[from] {
            transition[event] = {
                self.state = to
            }
        } else {
            transitions[from] = [event: {
                self.state = to
            }]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][.state]?[event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if!transitions.contains(from) {
            transitions[from] = [:]
        }
        
        if!transitions[from].contains(to) {
            transitions[from][to] = [:]
        }
        
        transitions[from][to][event] = { }
    }
}

```swift
protocol StateMachineProtocol {
    associatedtype State: Hashable
    associatedtype Event: Hashable
    init(state: State)
    var state: State { get }
    func trigger(event: Event)
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event)
}

// Finite state machine with possibility to register custom transitions between states.
class StateMachine<State: Hashable, Event: Hashable> {
    var state: State
    var transitions: [State: [State: [Event: () -> Void]]] = [:]
    
    init(state: State) {
        self.state = state
    }
    
    func trigger(event: Event) {
        if let transition = transitions[state][.state]?[event] {
            transition()
        }
    }
    
    func registerTransition(from: State, to: State, event: Event) {
        if!transitions.contains(from) {
            transitions[from] = [:]
        }
        
        if!transitions[from].contains(to) {
            transitions[from][to] = [:]
        }
        
        transitions[from][to][event] = { }
    }
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: [.file(name: name, size: size)])
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) })
    }
    
    func updateFile(name: String, newSize: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: newSize)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        })
    }
    
    func tree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.contents
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add, remove and update files in file system.
// Also used to get file system tree.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: [.file(name: name, size: size)])
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) })
    }
    
    func updateFile(name: String, newSize: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: newSize)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        })
    }
    
    func tree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.contents
    }
}

// File system manager with initial file system tree.
let fileSystem = FileSystemManager(root:.directory(name: "root", contents: [
   .directory(name: "dir1", contents: [
       .file(name: "file1", size: 10),
       .file(name: "file2", size: 20),
       .directory(name: "dir2", contents: [
           .file(name: "file3", size: 30),
           .file(name: "file4", size: 40)
        ])
    ])
]))

// File system info.
let info = fileSystem.root
print(info.totalSize) // 100
print(info.filesCount) // 4
print(info.treeDepth) // 3
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.treeDepth }
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    let root: FileSystemNode
    
    init(root: FileSystemNode) {
        self.root = root
    }
    
    func totalSize() -> Int {
        return root.totalSize
    }
    
    func filesCount() -> Int {
        return root.filesCount
    }
    
    func treeDepth() -> Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

func makeFileSystemManager(root: FileSystemNode) -> FileSystemManager {
    return FileSystemManager(root: root)
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.treeDepth }
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
struct FileSystemManager {
    let root: FileSystemNode
    
    init(root: FileSystemNode) {
        self.root = root
    }
    
    func totalSize() -> Int {
        return root.totalSize
    }
    
    func filesCount() -> Int {
        return root.filesCount
    }
    
    func treeDepth() -> Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

// File system manager factory.
func makeFileSystemManager(root: FileSystemNode) -> FileSystemManager {
    return FileSystemManager(root: root)
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

struct FileSystemManagerImpl: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "", contents: [])
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// File system is represented as a tree of FileSystemNode.
// File system tree depth is used to calculate tree height.
// File system tree height is used to calculate file system size.
// File system size is used to calculate file system size.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

// File system manager implementation.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// File system is represented as a tree of FileSystemNode.
// File system tree depth is used to calculate tree height.
// File system tree height is used to calculate file system size.
// File system size is used to calculate file system size.
struct FileSystemManagerImpl: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "", contents: [])
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

// File system manager protocol implementation.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// File system is represented as a tree of FileSystemNode.
// File system tree depth is used to calculate tree height.
// File system tree height is used to calculate file system size.
// File system size is used to calculate file system size.
struct FileSystemManagerImpl: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "", contents: [])
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

// File system manager protocol implementation.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// File system is represented as a tree of FileSystemNode.
// File system tree depth is used to calculate tree height.
// File system tree height is used to calculate file system size.
// File system size is used to calculate file system size.
struct FileSystemManagerImpl: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "", contents: [])
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: [.file(name: name, size: size), root.contents])
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) })
    }
    
    func getFile(name: String) -> FileSystemNode? {
        return root.contents.first(where: { $0.name == name })
    }
    
    func getTree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return [root]
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to manage file system.
// Can add new file, remove file, get file, get file system tree.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: [.file(name: name, size: size), root.contents])
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root =.directory(name: root.name, contents: root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) })
    }
    
    func getFile(name: String) -> FileSystemNode? {
        return root.contents.first(where: { $0.name == name })
    }
    
    func getTree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return [root]
    }
}

// File system manager example.
let fileSystemManager = FileSystemManager(root:.directory(name: "root", contents: []))
fileSystemManager.addFile(name: "file1", size: 10)
fileSystemManager.addFile(name: "file2", size: 20)
fileSystemManager.addFile(name: "file3", size: 30)
fileSystemManager.removeFile(name: "file2")

print(fileSystemManager.getFile(name: "file1")?.totalSize) // 10
print(fileSystemManager.getFile(name: "file1")?.filesCount) // 1
print(fileSystemManager.getFile(name: "file1")?.treeDepth) // 2
print(fileSystemManager.getTree().map { $0.totalSize }) // [10, 30]
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }
}

extension FileSystemManager: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        return root.totalSize
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        return root.filesCount
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

extension FileSystemManager {
    func printInfo() {
        print("Total size: \(totalSize)")
        print("Files count: \(filesCount)")
        print("Tree depth: \(treeDepth)")
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add files to file system and calculate file system metadata.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }
}

// File system metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate file system metadata.
extension FileSystemManager: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        return root.totalSize
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        return root.filesCount
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

// File system metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate file system metadata.
extension FileSystemManager {
    func printInfo() {
        print("Total size: \(totalSize)")
        print("Files count: \(filesCount)")
        print("Tree depth: \(treeDepth)")
    }
}

// File system manager usage.
let manager = FileSystemManager()
manager.addFile(name: "file1", size: 100)
manager.addFile(name: "file2", size: 200)
manager.addFile(name: "file3", size: 300)
manager.addFile(name: "file4", size: 400)
manager.addFile(name: "file5", size: 500)
manager.printInfo()
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func updateFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents = root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: size)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManagerWithTreeDepth: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func updateFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents = root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: size)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add, remove and update files in file system.
// Also used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func updateFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents = root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: size)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        }
    }
}

// File system manager with file system tree depth calculation.
// Used to calculate file system tree depth.
// File system tree depth is a number of nodes in the longest path from root to any node.
// For example, for file system with the following structure:
//
// root
// ├── file1
// ├── file2
// ├── file3
// │   ├── file4
// │   └── file5
// └── file6
//
// file system tree depth is 3.
struct FileSystemManagerWithTreeDepth: FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func updateFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents = root.contents.map {
            if case.file(let fileName, _) = $0, fileName == name {
                return.file(name: name, size: size)
            } else {
                return $0
            }
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func addDirectory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode]) {
        root.contents += [.directory(name: name, contents: contents)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func removeDirectory(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.directory(name: name) }
    }

    func getTree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.contents
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +)
        }
    }

    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 0
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0 + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add and remove files and directories.
// Also used to get file system tree.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])

    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }

    func addDirectory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode]) {
        root.contents += [.directory(name: name, contents: contents)]
    }

    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }

    func removeDirectory(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.directory(name: name) }
    }

    func getTree() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.contents
    }
}

// File system manager usage example.
let manager = FileSystemManager()
manager.addFile(name: "file1", size: 10)
manager.addFile(name: "file2", size: 20)
manager.addDirectory(name: "dir1", contents: [
   .file(name: "file3", size: 30),
   .file(name: "file4", size: 40),
   .directory(name: "dir2", contents: [
       .file(name: "file5", size: 50),
       .file(name: "file6", size: 60)
    ])
])

let tree = manager.getTree()

// Prints:
//
// root
// ├── file1
// ├── file2
// ├── dir1
// │   ├── file3
// │   ├── file4
// │   └── dir2
// │       ├── file5
// │       └── file6
// └── file7

print(tree.map { $0.name }.joined(separator: "\n"))
print(tree.map { $0.totalSize }.reduce(0, +))
print(tree.map { $0.filesCount }.reduce(0, +))
print(tree.map { $0.treeDepth }.max()?? 0)
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file(_, size):
            return size
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file:
            return 1
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file:
            return 0
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }
    
    func readFile(name: String) -> Int? {
        if let file = root.contents.first(where: { $0 ==.file(name: name) }) {
            return file.size
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    func treeDepth() -> Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

extension FileSystemManager {
    func testAddFile() {
        addFile(name: "file1", size: 10)
        addFile(name: "file2", size: 20)
        addFile(name: "file3", size: 30)
        
        XCTAssertEqual(root.totalSize, 60)
        XCTAssertEqual(root.filesCount, 3)
        XCTAssertEqual(treeDepth(), 2)
    }
    
    func testRemoveFile() {
        removeFile(name: "file1")
        
        XCTAssertEqual(root.totalSize, 20)
        XCTAssertEqual(root.filesCount, 2)
        XCTAssertEqual(treeDepth(), 2)
    }
    
    func testReadFile() {
        XCTAssertEqual(readFile(name: "file1"), 10)
        XCTAssertNil(readFile(name: "file2"))
    }
}

extension FileSystemManager {
    func test() {
        testAddFile()
        testRemoveFile()
        testReadFile()
    }
}

struct FileSystemManagerTests {
    func run() {
        FileSystemManager().test()
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file(_, size):
            return size
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file:
            return 1
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case let.file:
            return 0
        case let.directory(_, contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// Also used to calculate file system tree depth.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode =.directory(name: "root", contents: [])
    
    func addFile(name: String, size: Int) {
        root.contents += [.file(name: name, size: size)]
    }
    
    func removeFile(name: String) {
        root.contents = root.contents.filter { $0!=.file(name: name) }
    }
    
    func readFile(name: String) -> Int? {
        if let file = root.contents.first(where: { $0 ==.file(name: name) }) {
            return file.size
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    func treeDepth() -> Int {
        return root.treeDepth
    }
}

// File system manager tests.
// Used to test file system manager.
extension FileSystemManager {
    func testAddFile() {
        addFile(name: "file1", size: 10)
        addFile(name: "file2", size: 20)
        addFile(name: "file3", size: 30)
        
        XCTAssertEqual(root.totalSize, 60)
        XCTAssertEqual(root.filesCount, 3)
        XCTAssertEqual(treeDepth(), 2)
    }
    
    func testRemoveFile() {
        removeFile(name: "file1")
        
        XCTAssertEqual(root.totalSize, 20)
        XCTAssertEqual(root.filesCount, 2)
        XCTAssertEqual(treeDepth(), 2)
    }
    
    func testReadFile() {
        XCTAssertEqual(readFile(name: "file1"), 10)
        XCTAssertNil(readFile(name: "file2"))
    }
}

// File system manager tests suite.
// Used to run all file system manager tests.
extension FileSystemManager {
    func test() {
        testAddFile()
        testRemoveFile()
        testReadFile()
    }
}

// File system manager tests suite runner.
// Used to run all file system manager tests.
struct FileSystemManagerTests {
    func run() {
        FileSystemManager().test()
    }
}

// File system manager tests suite runner.
// Used to run all file system manager tests.
let fileSystemManagerTests = FileSystemManagerTests()

// File system manager tests suite runner.
// Used to run all file system manager tests.
fileSystemManagerTests.run()
```

indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

```swift
indirect enum FileSystemNode {
    case file(name: String, size: Int)
    case directory(name: String, contents: [FileSystemNode])
}

protocol FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int { get }
    var filesCount: Int { get }
    var treeDepth: Int { get }
}

// Abstract file system manager and metadata calculation.
// Used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
extension FileSystemNode: FileSystemInfo {
    var totalSize: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file(let size):
            return size
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.totalSize }
        }
    }
    
    var filesCount: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.filesCount }
        }
    }
    
    var treeDepth: Int {
        switch self {
        case.file:
            return 1
        case.directory(let contents):
            return contents.reduce(0) { max($0, $1.treeDepth) } + 1
        }
    }
}

// File system manager.
// Used to add, remove and read files from file system.
// Also used to calculate total size of all files in file system, files count and file system tree depth.
struct FileSystemManager {
    var root: FileSystemNode
    
    func add(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.append(file)
    }
    
    func remove(file: FileSystemNode) {
        root.directory.removeAll { $0.name == file.name }
    }
    
    func read() -> [FileSystemNode] {
        return root.directory
    }
}

// File system manager with a single file.
let fileSystemManager = FileSystemManager(root: FileSystemNode.directory(name: "root", contents: [
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file1", size: 100),
    FileSystemNode.file(name: "file2", size: 200),
    FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subdir", contents: [
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file3", size: 300),
        FileSystemNode.file(name: "file4", size: 400),
        FileSystemNode.directory(name: "subsubdir", contents: [
            FileSystemNode.file(name: "file5", size: 500),
            FileSystemNode.file(name: "file6", size: 600),
        ])
    ])
]))

// Prints:
// Total size: 1700
// Files count: 6
// Tree depth: 3
print("Total size: \(fileSystemManager.root.totalSize)")
print("Files count: \(fileSystemManager.root.filesCount)")
print("Tree depth: \(fileSystemManager.root.treeDepth)")
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    var elements = [Element]()
    
    init() {
        self.elements = [Element]()
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    var elements = [Element]()
    
    init() {
        self.elements = [Element]()
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []

    init() { }

    mutating func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }

    mutating func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []

    init() { }

    mutating func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }

    mutating func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> : StackProtocol {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {
        self.elements = []
    }
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        self.elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return self.elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    var elements: [Element] = []
    
    init() {}
    
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []

    init() { }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []

    init() { }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements: [Element] = []

    init() { }

    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }

    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements = [Element]()
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}

```swift
protocol StackProtocol {
    associatedtype Element
    init()
    func push(_ element: Element)
    func pop() -> Element?
}

// Generic stack with push and pop functions.
class Stack<Element> {
    private var elements = [Element]()
    init() {}
    func push(_ element: Element) {
        elements.append(element)
    }
    func pop() -> Element? {
        return elements.removeLast()
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element>: CacheProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    // The capacity of the cache
    let capacity: Int
    
    // The dictionary that holds the cache
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    
    // The list that holds the order of the cache
    private var order: [Key]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes a cache with the specified capacity
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.order = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the element associated with the specified key, or nil if the key is not found
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                order.append(key)
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    
    // Removes the least recently used item from the cache
    func evict() {
        guard let key = order.removeLast() else {
            return
        }
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction Policy
    
    // Removes the least recently used item from the cache until the cache is below the capacity limit
    func evictUntilCapacity() {
        while cache.count > capacity {
            evict()
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the number of items in the cache
    var count: Int {
        return cache.count
    }
    
    // MARK: - Iteration
    
    // Returns an iterator over the cache
    func makeIterator() -> CacheIterator {
        return CacheIterator(cache: self)
    }
}

class CacheIterator<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // The cache that is being iterated over
    private let cache: Cache<Key, Element>
    
    // The index of the next item to be returned
    private var index: Int = 0
    
    // The key of the next item to be returned
    private var key: Key?
    
    // The element of the next item to be returned
    private var element: Element?
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes an iterator over the specified cache
    init(cache: Cache<Key, Element>) {
        self.cache = cache
        self.key = cache.order[0]
        self.element = cache[key!]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the next item in the cache
    mutating func next() -> Element? {
        if let element = element {
            index += 1
            key = cache.order[index]
            element = cache[key!]
            return element
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    
    // The capacity of the cache
    let capacity: Int
    
    // The dictionary that holds the cache
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    
    // The list that holds the order of the cache
    private var order: [Key]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes a cache with the specified capacity
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.order = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the element associated with the specified key, or nil if the key is not found
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                order.append(key)
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    
    // Removes the least recently used item from the cache
    func evict() {
        guard let key = order.removeLast() else {
            return
        }
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction Policy
    
    // Removes the least recently used item from the cache until the cache is below the capacity limit
    func evictUntilCapacity() {
        while cache.count > capacity {
            evict()
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the number of items in the cache
    var count: Int {
        return cache.count
    }
    
    // MARK: - Iteration
    
    // Returns an iterator over the cache
    func makeIterator() -> CacheIterator {
        return CacheIterator(cache: self)
    }
}

// MARK: - Cache Iterator

// An iterator over a cache
class CacheIterator<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // The cache that is being iterated over
    private let cache: Cache<Key, Element>
    
    // The index of the next item to be returned
    private var index: Int = 0
    
    // The key of the next item to be returned
    private var key: Key?
    
    // The element of the next item to be returned
    private var element: Element?
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    
    // Initializes an iterator over the specified cache
    init(cache: Cache<Key, Element>) {
        self.cache = cache
        self.key = cache.order[0]
        self.element = cache[key!]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    
    // Returns the next item in the cache
    mutating func next() -> Element? {
        if let element = element {
            index += 1
            key = cache.order[index]
            element = cache[key!]
            return element
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var isFull: Bool
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.isFull = false
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                return element
            } else {
                return nil
            }
        }
        set {
            if!isFull {
                cache[key] = newValue
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                let leastRecentlyUsedKey = lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate > $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }.first?.key
                cache.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
                cache[key] = newValue
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        let leastRecentlyUsedKey = lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate > $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }.first?.key
        cache.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
        lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return isFull
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.isEmpty
    }
    
    func count() -> Int {
        return cache.count
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var isFull: Bool
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.isFull = false
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                return element
            } else {
                return nil
            }
        }
        set {
            if!isFull {
                cache[key] = newValue
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                let leastRecentlyUsedKey = lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate > $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }.first?.key
                cache.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
                cache[key] = newValue
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        let leastRecentlyUsedKey = lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate > $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }.first?.key
        cache.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
        lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: leastRecentlyUsedKey!)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return isFull
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.isEmpty
    }
    
    func count() -> Int {
        return cache.count
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var lastAccessedIndex: [Key: Int]
    private var lastAccessedIndexes: [Int: Key]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndex = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndexes = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                lastAccessedIndex[key] = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.max()?? 0
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                lastAccessedIndex[key] = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.max()?? 0
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        if cache.count < capacity {
            return
        }
        
        let oldestKey = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.min()?? 0
        let oldestKeyIndex = lastAccessedIndex[oldestKey]?? 0
        
        lastAccessedIndexes.removeValue(forKey: oldestKeyIndex)
        lastAccessedIndex.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
        cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func keys() -> [Key] {
        return cache.keys.sorted {
            lastAccessedIndex[$0]?? 0 < lastAccessedIndex[$1]?? 0
        }
    }
    
    func values() -> [Element] {
        return cache.values.sorted {
            lastAccessedIndex[$0]?? 0 < lastAccessedIndex[$1]?? 0
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func count() -> Int {
        return cache.count
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.isEmpty
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var lastAccessedIndex: [Key: Int]
    private var lastAccessedIndexes: [Int: Key]
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndex = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndexes = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                lastAccessedIndex[key] = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.max()?? 0
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                lastAccessedIndex[key] = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.max()?? 0
            }
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        if cache.count < capacity {
            return
        }
        
        let oldestKey = lastAccessedIndexes.keys.min()?? 0
        let oldestKeyIndex = lastAccessedIndex[oldestKey]?? 0
        
        lastAccessedIndexes.removeValue(forKey: oldestKeyIndex)
        lastAccessedIndex.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
        cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func keys() -> [Key] {
        return cache.keys.sorted {
            lastAccessedIndex[$0]?? 0 < lastAccessedIndex[$1]?? 0
        }
    }
    
    func values() -> [Element] {
        return cache.values.sorted {
            lastAccessedIndex[$0]?? 0 < lastAccessedIndex[$1]?? 0
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Accessors
    func count() -> Int {
        return cache.count
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.isEmpty
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var access: [Key: Date]

    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.access = [:]
    }

    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            guard let element = cache[key] else { return nil }
            access[key] = Date()
            return element
        }
        set {
            cache[key] = newValue
            access[key] = Date()
        }
    }

    func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
        access.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }

    func removeOldest() {
        let oldest = access.min { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate < $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }
        remove(key: oldest!.key)
    }

    func removeAll() {
        cache = [:]
        access = [:]
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var access: [Key: Date]

    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.access = [:]
    }

    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            guard let element = cache[key] else { return nil }
            access[key] = Date()
            return element
        }
        set {
            cache[key] = newValue
            access[key] = Date()
        }
    }

    func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
        access.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }

    func removeOldest() {
        let oldest = access.min { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate < $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }
        remove(key: oldest!.key)
    }

    func removeAll() {
        cache = [:]
        access = [:]
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastUsed: [Key: Date]

    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastUsed = [:]
    }

    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastUsed[key] = Date()
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                lastUsed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                lastUsed.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }

    func evict() {
        var oldestKey: Key?
        var oldestDate: Date?
        for (key, date) in lastUsed {
            if let key = key, date = date {
                if oldestKey == nil || oldestDate?.compare(date) == ComparisonResult.orderedAscending {
                    oldestKey = key
                    oldestDate = date
                }
            }
        }
        cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey!)
        lastUsed.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey!)
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastUsed: [Key: Date]

    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastUsed = [:]
    }

    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = cache[key] {
                lastUsed[key] = Date()
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                cache[key] = element
                lastUsed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                lastUsed.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }

    func evict() {
        var oldestKey: Key?
        var oldestDate: Date?
        for (key, date) in lastUsed {
            if let key = key, date = date {
                if oldestKey == nil || oldestDate?.compare(date) == ComparisonResult.orderedAscending {
                    oldestKey = key
                    oldestDate = date
                }
            }
        }
        cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey!)
        lastUsed.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey!)
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    //...
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var capacity: Int
    var cache: [Key: Element]
    var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    
    // MARK: - Initializer
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Methods
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = self.cache[key] {
                self.lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                self.cache[key] = element
                self.lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                self.cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                self.lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func evict() {
        let sortedLastAccessed = self.lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate < $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }
        let oldestKey = sortedLastAccessed.first?.key
        self.cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
        self.lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    var capacity: Int
    var cache: [Key: Element]
    var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    
    // MARK: - Initializer
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Methods
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let element = self.cache[key] {
                self.lastAccessed[key] = Date()
                return element
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let element = newValue {
                self.cache[key] = element
                self.lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            } else {
                self.cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
                self.lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: key)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func evict() {
        let sortedLastAccessed = self.lastAccessed.sorted { $0.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate < $1.value.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate }
        let oldestKey = sortedLastAccessed.first?.key
        self.cache.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
        self.lastAccessed.removeValue(forKey: oldestKey)
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var lastAccessedIndex: [Key: Int]
    private var accessOrder: [Int: Key]
    private var accessOrderIndex: Int = 0
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndex = [:]
        self.accessOrder = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Access
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            guard let value = cache[key] else { return nil }
            
            // Update the last accessed date
            lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            
            // Update the access order
            accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
            lastAccessedIndex[key] = accessOrderIndex
            accessOrder[accessOrderIndex] = key
            accessOrderIndex += 1
            
            return value
        }
        
        set {
            // Update the last accessed date
            lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            
            // Update the access order
            accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
            lastAccessedIndex[key] = accessOrderIndex
            accessOrder[accessOrderIndex] = key
            accessOrderIndex += 1
            
            // Update the cache
            cache[key] = newValue
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        guard let key = accessOrder.last?.1 else { return }
        
        // Remove the key from the cache
        cache[key] = nil
        
        // Remove the key from the access order
        accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
        lastAccessedIndex[key] = nil
        accessOrder[key] = nil
    }
    
    // MARK: - Capacity
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return cache.count >= capacity
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.count == 0
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    // MARK: - Properties
    private var capacity: Int
    private var cache: [Key: Element]
    private var lastAccessed: [Key: Date]
    private var lastAccessedIndex: [Key: Int]
    private var accessOrder: [Int: Key]
    private var accessOrderIndex: Int = 0
    
    // MARK: - Initialization
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.cache = [:]
        self.lastAccessed = [:]
        self.lastAccessedIndex = [:]
        self.accessOrder = [:]
    }
    
    // MARK: - Access
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            guard let value = cache[key] else { return nil }
            
            // Update the last accessed date
            lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            
            // Update the access order
            accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
            lastAccessedIndex[key] = accessOrderIndex
            accessOrder[accessOrderIndex] = key
            accessOrderIndex += 1
            
            return value
        }
        
        set {
            // Update the last accessed date
            lastAccessed[key] = Date()
            
            // Update the access order
            accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
            lastAccessedIndex[key] = accessOrderIndex
            accessOrder[accessOrderIndex] = key
            accessOrderIndex += 1
            
            // Update the cache
            cache[key] = newValue
        }
    }
    
    // MARK: - Eviction
    func evict() {
        guard let key = accessOrder.last?.1 else { return }
        
        // Remove the key from the cache
        cache[key] = nil
        
        // Remove the key from the access order
        accessOrder[lastAccessedIndex[key]]? = nil
        lastAccessedIndex[key] = nil
        accessOrder[key] = nil
    }
    
    // MARK: - Capacity
    func isFull() -> Bool {
        return cache.count >= capacity
    }
    
    func isEmpty() -> Bool {
        return cache.count == 0
    }
}
```

protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var items: [Key: Element]
    private var order: [Key: Int]
    private var count: Int = 0
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.items = [:]
        self.order = [:]
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let value = items[key] {
                return value
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                items[key] = value
                order[key] = count
                count += 1
            }
        }
    }
    
    func remove(key: Key) {
        if let index = order[key] {
            order.removeValue(forKey: key)
            items.removeValue(forKey: key)
            count -= 1
        }
    }
    
    func removeAll() {
        items = [:]
        order = [:]
        count = 0
    }
    
    func evict() {
        if count > capacity {
            let min = order.min(by: { $0.1 < $1.1 })
            remove(key: min!.0)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Element
    init(capacity: Int)
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? { get set }
}

// Generic in-memory cache that follows to the LRU (Least Recently Used) eviction policy.
// The cache should have a specified capacity limit, and when this limit is reached, it should remove the least recently used item to make space for new entries.
class Cache<Key: Hashable, Element> {
    private var capacity: Int
    private var items: [Key: Element]
    private var order: [Key: Int]
    private var count: Int = 0
    
    init(capacity: Int) {
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.items = [:]
        self.order = [:]
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Element? {
        get {
            if let value = items[key] {
                return value
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            if let value = newValue {
                items[key] = value
                order[key] = count
                count += 1
            }
        }
    }
    
    func remove(key: Key) {
        if let index = order[key] {
            order.removeValue(forKey: key)
            items.removeValue(forKey: key)
            count -= 1
        }
    }
    
    func removeAll() {
        items = [:]
        order = [:]
        count = 0
    }
    
    func evict() {
        if count > capacity {
            let min = order.min(by: { $0.1 < $1.1 })
            remove(key: min!.0)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> (Value, TimeInterval)? {
        if let (_, (value, expiration)) = cache[key] {
            return (value, expiration)
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> (Value, TimeInterval)? {
        if let (_, (value, expiration)) = cache[key] {
            return (value, expiration)
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    //...
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    //...
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var evictionTimer: Timer?
    private var evictionTimerInterval: TimeInterval = 0.0
    private var evictionTimerTarget: Key?
    
    // MARK: - ExpirableCacheProtocol
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
        if evictionTimer!= nil {
            evictionTimer?.invalidate()
        }
        evictionTimerTarget = key
        evictionTimerInterval = expiration
        evictionTimer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: expiration, repeats: false) { [weak self] _ in
            self?.evict(key: self?.evictionTimerTarget!)
        }
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    // MARK: - Private
    private func evict(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var evictionTimer: Timer?
    private var evictionTimerInterval: TimeInterval = 0.0
    private var evictionTimerTarget: Key?
    
    // MARK: - ExpirableCacheProtocol
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
        if evictionTimer!= nil {
            evictionTimer?.invalidate()
        }
        evictionTimerTarget = key
        evictionTimerInterval = expiration
        evictionTimer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: expiration, repeats: false) { [weak self] _ in
            self?.evict(key: self?.evictionTimerTarget!)
        }
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    // MARK: - Private
    private func evict(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> (Value, TimeInterval)? {
        if let (_, (value, expiration)) = cache[key] {
            return (value, expiration)
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValueForKey(key)
    }
    
    func removeAll() {
        cache.removeAll()
    }
    
    func removeExpired() {
        var expiredKeys = [Key]()
        for (key, (_, expiration)) in cache {
            if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                expiredKeys.append(key)
            }
        }
        for key in expiredKeys {
            remove(key: key)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (value: Value, expiration: TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value: value, expiration: expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (_, (value, _)) = cache[key] {
            return value
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> (Value, TimeInterval)? {
        if let (_, (value, expiration)) = cache[key] {
            return (value, expiration)
        } else {
            return nil
        }
    }
    
    func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValueForKey(key)
    }
    
    func removeAll() {
        cache.removeAll()
    }
    
    func removeExpired() {
        var expiredKeys = [Key]()
        for (key, (_, expiration)) in cache {
            if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                expiredKeys.append(key)
            }
        }
        for key in expiredKeys {
            remove(key: key)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var expiration: TimeInterval = 0
    
    init(expiration: TimeInterval) {
        self.expiration = expiration
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration + Date().timeIntervalSince1970)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var expiration: TimeInterval = 0
    
    init(expiration: TimeInterval) {
        self.expiration = expiration
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration + Date().timeIntervalSince1970)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        
        return value
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var evictionTimer: Timer?
    private var evictionTimerInterval: TimeInterval = 0.0

    // MARK: - ExpirableCacheProtocol
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
        scheduleEviction()
    }

    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            remove(key: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }

    // MARK: - Subscript
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }

    // MARK: - Private
    private func scheduleEviction() {
        if evictionTimer!= nil {
            evictionTimer.invalidate()
        }
        evictionTimer = Timer(timeInterval: evictionTimerInterval,
                              target: self,
                              selector: #selector(evict),
                              userInfo: nil,
                              repeats: false)
        RunLoop.main.add(evictionTimer!, forMode: RunLoopMode.commonModes)
    }

    private func evict() {
        let now = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        for (key, (value, expiration)) in cache.enumerated() {
            if expiration < now {
                remove(key: key)
            }
        }
    }

    private func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
        if cache.isEmpty {
            evictionTimer?.invalidate()
            evictionTimer = nil
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    private var evictionTimer: Timer?
    private var evictionTimerInterval: TimeInterval = 0.0

    // MARK: - ExpirableCacheProtocol
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
        scheduleEviction()
    }

    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            remove(key: key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }

    // MARK: - Subscript
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }

    // MARK: - Private
    private func scheduleEviction() {
        if evictionTimer!= nil {
            evictionTimer.invalidate()
        }
        evictionTimer = Timer(timeInterval: evictionTimerInterval,
                              target: self,
                              selector: #selector(evict),
                              userInfo: nil,
                              repeats: false)
        RunLoop.main.add(evictionTimer!, forMode: RunLoopMode.commonModes)
    }

    private func evict() {
        let now = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        for (key, (value, expiration)) in cache.enumerated() {
            if expiration < now {
                remove(key: key)
            }
        }
    }

    private func remove(key: Key) {
        cache.removeValue(forKey: key)
        if cache.isEmpty {
            evictionTimer?.invalidate()
            evictionTimer = nil
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
    }
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
    }
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else {
            return nil
        }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    var maxSize: Int = 0
    
    init(maxSize: Int) {
        self.maxSize = maxSize
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
        
        if cache.count > maxSize {
            let sorted = cache.sorted { $0.1.1 < $1.1.1 }
            cache = sorted.prefix(maxSize)
        }
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return self[key]
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    var maxSize: Int = 0
    
    init(maxSize: Int) {
        self.maxSize = maxSize
    }
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
        
        if cache.count > maxSize {
            let sorted = cache.sorted { $0.1.1 < $1.1.1 }
            cache = sorted.prefix(maxSize)
        }
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        guard let (value, expiration) = cache[key] else { return nil }
        if expiration < Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
            cache.removeValueForKey(key)
            return nil
        }
        return value
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return self[key]
    }
}
```

protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (value, expiration) = cache[key] {
            if expiration > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                return value
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    associatedtype Key: Hashable
    associatedtype Value
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval)
    func get(key: Key) -> Value?
}

// Caching mechanism with expiration eviction policy.
// Subscript methods used for convenient access.
class ExpirableCache<Key: Hashable, Value>: ExpirableCacheProtocol {
    private var cache: [Key: (Value, TimeInterval)] = [:]
    
    func put(value: Value, key: Key, expiration: TimeInterval) {
        cache[key] = (value, expiration)
    }
    
    func get(key: Key) -> Value? {
        if let (value, expiration) = cache[key] {
            if expiration > Date().timeIntervalSince1970 {
                return value
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
    
    subscript(key: Key) -> Value? {
        return get(key: key)
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            let keyIndex = character % keyData.count
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(character) ^ keyData[keyIndex])
        }
        return encryptedData
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (character, byte) in zip(string.utf8, data) {
            let keyIndex = character % keyData.count
            decryptedData.append(UInt8(byte) ^ keyData[keyIndex])
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for character in string.utf8 {
            let keyIndex = character % keyData.count
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(character) ^ keyData[keyIndex])
        }
        return encryptedData
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (character, byte) in zip(string.utf8, data) {
            let keyIndex = character % keyData.count
            decryptedData.append(UInt8(byte) ^ keyData[keyIndex])
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(self[$0], $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(self[$0], $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func xor(_ data: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, _ key: UnsafeRawBufferPointer) -> UnsafeRawBufferPointer {
        return data.map {
            $0 ^ key[$0.advanced(by: $0 % key.count).offsetFromStart]
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(self[$0], $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(self[$0], $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func xor(_ data: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, _ key: UnsafeRawBufferPointer) -> UnsafeRawBufferPointer {
        return data.map {
            $0 ^ key[$0.advanced(by: $0 % key.count).offsetFromStart]
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            $0.map {
                return $0.flatMap {
                    return key.utf8.reduce(UInt8(0)) {
                        (partial, current) -> UInt8 in
                        return partial ^ current
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            $0.map {
                return $0.flatMap {
                    return key.utf8.reduce(UInt8(0)) {
                        (partial, current) -> UInt8 in
                        return partial ^ current
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            $0.map {
                return $0.flatMap {
                    return key.utf8.reduce(UInt8(0)) {
                        (partial, current) -> UInt8 in
                        return partial ^ current
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            $0.map {
                return $0.flatMap {
                    return key.utf8.reduce(UInt8(0)) {
                        (partial, current) -> UInt8 in
                        return partial ^ current
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(bytes: $0, key: $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(bytes: $0, key: $1)
            }
        }
    }

    private func xor(bytes: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, key: UnsafeRawBufferPointer) -> UnsafeMutableRawBufferPointer {
        return bytes.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer {
            key.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer {
                $0.enumerate(whileCounting: $1.indices) {
                    $0.1.0.pointee ^= $0.1.1.pointee
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        return string.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(bytes: $0, key: $1)
            }
        }
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        return String(data: data, encoding:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
            key.data(using:.utf8)!.withUnsafeBytes {
                xor(bytes: $0, key: $1)
            }
        }
    }

    private func xor(bytes: UnsafeRawBufferPointer, key: UnsafeRawBufferPointer) -> UnsafeMutableRawBufferPointer {
        return bytes.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer {
            key.withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer {
                $0.enumerate(whileCounting: $1.indices) {
                    $0.1.0.pointee ^= $0.1.1.pointee
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for (index, character) in string.enumerated() {
            let characterData = character.data(using:.utf8)!
            encryptedData.append(contentsOf: characterData.withUnsafeBytes {
                keyData.withUnsafeBytes { (keyBytes: UnsafePointer<UInt8>) -> Data in
                    return Data(bytes: keyBytes ^ UnsafePointer<UInt8>(characterData))
                }
            })
        }
        return encryptedData
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            decryptedData.append(contentsOf: Data([byte ^ keyByte]))
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for (index, character) in string.enumerated() {
            let characterData = character.data(using:.utf8)!
            encryptedData.append(contentsOf: characterData.withUnsafeBytes {
                keyData.withUnsafeBytes { (keyBytes: UnsafePointer<UInt8>) -> Data in
                    return Data(bytes: keyBytes ^ UnsafePointer<UInt8>(characterData))
                }
            })
        }
        return encryptedData
    }

    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for (index, byte) in data.enumerated() {
            let keyByte = keyData[index % keyData.count]
            decryptedData.append(contentsOf: Data([byte ^ keyByte]))
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyBytes = key.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyLength = keyBytes.count
        var encrypted = Data()
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            let byte = bytes[i]
            let keyByte = keyBytes[i % keyLength]
            let encryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            encrypted.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyBytes = key.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyLength = keyBytes.count
        var decrypted = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let byte = data[i]
            let keyByte = keyBytes[i % keyLength]
            let decryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            decrypted.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyBytes = key.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyLength = keyBytes.count
        var encrypted = Data()
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            let byte = bytes[i]
            let keyByte = keyBytes[i % keyLength]
            let encryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            encrypted.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyBytes = key.data(using:.utf8, allowLossyConversion: false)!
        let keyLength = keyBytes.count
        var decrypted = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let byte = data[i]
            let keyByte = keyBytes[i % keyLength]
            let decryptedByte = byte ^ keyByte
            decrypted.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let encryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedData.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let encryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            encryptedData.append(encryptedByte)
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyLength = keyData.count
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            let keyIndex = i % keyLength
            let keyByte = keyData[keyIndex]
            let dataByte = data[i]
            let decryptedByte = dataByte ^ keyByte
            decryptedData.append(decryptedByte)
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            encrypted[i] = bytes[i] ^ key.utf8.reduce(0) { $0 ^ $1 }
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decrypted[i] = data[i] ^ key.utf8.reduce(0) { $0 ^ $1 }
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let bytes = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encrypted = Data(count: bytes.count)
        for i in 0..<bytes.count {
            encrypted[i] = bytes[i] ^ key.utf8.reduce(0) { $0 ^ $1 }
        }
        return encrypted
    }
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        var decrypted = Data(count: data.count)
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decrypted[i] = data[i] ^ key.utf8.reduce(0) { $0 ^ $1 }
        }
        return String(data: decrypted, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData.append(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        var encryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            encryptedData.append(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return encryptedData
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        var decryptedData = Data()
        for i in 0..<data.count {
            decryptedData.append(UInt8(data[i]) ^ UInt8(keyData[i % keyData.count]))
        }
        return String(data: decryptedData, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let result = data.withUnsafeBytes {
            keyData.withUnsafeBytes {
                $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { keyPointer in
                    $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { dataPointer in
                        return dataPointer.baseAddress!.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self).reduce(0, {
                            (partialResult, currentByte) -> UInt8 in
                            return partialResult ^ currentByte ^ keyPointer.baseAddress![$0]
                        })
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let result = data.withUnsafeBytes {
            keyData.withUnsafeBytes {
                $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { keyPointer in
                    $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { dataPointer in
                        return dataPointer.baseAddress!.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self).reduce(0, {
                            (partialResult, currentByte) -> UInt8 in
                            return partialResult ^ currentByte ^ keyPointer.baseAddress![$0]
                        })
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return String(data: result, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}

```swift
protocol EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String
}

// Simple XOR encryptor and decryptor that converts plain text into encrypted text by applying the binary 'Exclusive OR' operator implemented according to the protocol.
class Encryptor: EncryptorProtocol {
    func encrypt(_ string: String, _ key: String) -> Data {
        let data = string.data(using:.utf8)!
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let result = data.withUnsafeBytes {
            keyData.withUnsafeBytes {
                $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { keyPointer in
                    $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { dataPointer in
                        return dataPointer.baseAddress!.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self).reduce(0, {
                            (partialResult, currentByte) -> UInt8 in
                            return partialResult ^ currentByte ^ keyPointer.baseAddress![$0]
                        })
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result
    }
    
    func decrypt(_ data: Data, _ key: String) -> String {
        let keyData = key.data(using:.utf8)!
        let result = data.withUnsafeBytes {
            keyData.withUnsafeBytes {
                $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { keyPointer in
                    $0.withUnsafeBufferPointer { dataPointer in
                        return dataPointer.baseAddress!.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt8.self).reduce(0, {
                            (partialResult, currentByte) -> UInt8 in
                            return partialResult ^ currentByte ^ keyPointer.baseAddress![$0]
                        })
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return String(data: result, encoding:.utf8)!
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if (currentTime - lastRequestTime) > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
            return true
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if (currentTime - lastRequestTime) > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
            return true
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if (currentTime - lastRequestTime) > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if (currentTime - lastRequestTime) > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if elapsedTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private let maxRequests: Int
    private let timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval = 0
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if elapsedTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime > timeInterval {
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        if currentTime - lastRequestTime > timeInterval {
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.requestsCount = 0
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        let requestsCount = requestsCount + 1
        let isAllowed = requestsCount <= maxRequests && elapsedTime >= timeInterval

        if isAllowed {
            requestsCount = 0
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
        }

        return isAllowed
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.requestsCount = 0
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        let requestsCount = requestsCount + 1
        let isAllowed = requestsCount <= maxRequests && elapsedTime >= timeInterval

        if isAllowed {
            requestsCount = 0
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
        }

        return isAllowed
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    // Initializes a rate limiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: A boolean indicating if a new request can be made.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if elapsedTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    // Initializes a rate limiter with a maximum number of requests and a time interval.
    // - Parameter maxRequests: The maximum number of requests.
    // - Parameter timeInterval: The time interval.
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    // Determines if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
    // - Returns: A boolean indicating if a new request can be made.
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let elapsedTime = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if elapsedTime > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    private var requests: Int = 0

    // MARK: - Init
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }

    // MARK: - Methods
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeInterval = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        if timeInterval >= timeInterval {
            requests = 0
            lastRequest = currentTime
            return true
        }
        requests += 1
        if requests >= maxRequests {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    private var requests: Int = 0

    // MARK: - Init
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }

    // MARK: - Methods
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let timeInterval = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        if timeInterval >= timeInterval {
            requests = 0
            lastRequest = currentTime
            return true
        }
        requests += 1
        if requests >= maxRequests {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeElapsed = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if timeElapsed > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeElapsed = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        
        if timeElapsed > timeInterval {
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeIntervalSinceLastRequest = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        if timeIntervalSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequestTime: TimeInterval
    private var requestsCount: Int

    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequestTime = 0
        self.requestsCount = 0
    }

    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date().timeIntervalSince1970
        let timeIntervalSinceLastRequest = currentTime - lastRequestTime
        if timeIntervalSinceLastRequest > timeInterval {
            requestsCount = 0
        }
        if requestsCount < maxRequests {
            requestsCount += 1
            lastRequestTime = currentTime
            return true
        }
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let elapsedTime = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        let requestsAllowed = maxRequests - Int(elapsedTime / timeInterval)
        
        if requestsAllowed > 0 {
            lastRequest = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}

```swift
protocol RateLimiterProtocol {
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval)
    func allowRequest() -> Bool
}

// Rate limiter that controls the rate of actions.
// Consists with a maximum number of requests and a time interval, and includes a method to determine if a new request can be made within the defined limits.
class RateLimiter: RateLimiterProtocol {
    private var maxRequests: Int
    private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
    private var lastRequest: Date?
    
    init(maxRequests: Int, timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
        self.maxRequests = maxRequests
        self.timeInterval = timeInterval
        self.lastRequest = Date()
    }
    
    func allowRequest() -> Bool {
        let currentTime = Date()
        let elapsedTime = currentTime.timeIntervalSince(lastRequest!)
        let requestsAllowed = maxRequests - Int(elapsedTime / timeInterval)
        
        if requestsAllowed > 0 {
            lastRequest = currentTime
            return true
        }
        
        return false
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int = 0
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

class ThreadSafeCounterWithLock: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer {
            lock.unlock()
        }
        return value
    }
}

```swift
protocol ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    init(value: Int)
    func increment()
    func currentValue() -> Int
}

// Basic number counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounter: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        value += 1
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        return value
    }
}

// Thread-safe counter with possibility to increment counter and access current value.
// Thread-safe for read and write operations.
class ThreadSafeCounterWithLock: ThreadSafeCounterProtocol {
    private var value: Int
    private let lock = NSLock()
    
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func increment() {
        lock.lock()
        value += 1
        lock.unlock()
    }
    
    func currentValue() -> Int {
        lock.lock()
        defer {
            lock.unlock()
        }
        return value
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var currentValue: Output?
    private var nextTransform: ((Output) -> Output)?

    init(value: Output) {
        self.currentValue = value
    }

    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(currentValue!)) { nextTransform }
    }

    func execute() -> Output {
        return nextTransform!(currentValue!)
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var currentValue: Output?
    private var nextTransform: ((Output) -> Output)?

    init(value: Output) {
        self.currentValue = value
    }

    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline<U>(value: transform(currentValue!)) { nextTransform }
    }

    func execute() -> Output {
        return nextTransform!(currentValue!)
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(output))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return output
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(output))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return output
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output?
    private var transform: (Output) -> Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transform = { self.output! }
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.output!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transform!(output!)
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output?
    private var transform: (Output) -> Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        self.transform = { self.output! }
        return Pipeline(value: transform(self.output!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transform!(output!)
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let newPipeline = Pipeline<U>(value: value)
        self.transforms.append({ (output: Output) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        })
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transforms.reduce(value) { (output: Output, transform: @escaping (_: Output) -> Output) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let newPipeline = Pipeline<U>(value: value)
        self.transforms.append({ (output: Output) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        })
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transforms.reduce(value) { (output: Output, transform: @escaping (_: Output) -> Output) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(output!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return output!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var output: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(output!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return output!
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var output: Output
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let newPipeline = Pipeline<U>(value: transform(output))
        newPipeline.transforms = transforms + [transform]
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transforms.reduce(output) { (output, transform) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> {
    private var output: Output
    private var transforms: [(_: Output) -> Output] = []
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.output = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        let newPipeline = Pipeline<U>(value: transform(output))
        newPipeline.transforms = transforms + [transform]
        return newPipeline
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return transforms.reduce(output) { (output, transform) -> Output in
            return transform(output)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var currentValue: Output?
    private var nextTransform: ((Output) -> Output)?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.currentValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: nextTransform?(currentValue!)?? currentValue!) { (value: U) in
            self.currentValue = transform(value)
            self.nextTransform = self.nextTransform? { (value: U) in
                return transform(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return nextTransform?(currentValue!)?? currentValue!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output> : PipelineProtocol {
    private var currentValue: Output?
    private var nextTransform: ((Output) -> Output)?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.currentValue = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: nextTransform?(currentValue!)?? currentValue!) { (value: U) in
            self.currentValue = transform(value)
            self.nextTransform = self.nextTransform? { (value: U) in
                return transform(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return nextTransform?(currentValue!)?? currentValue!
    }
}
```

protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}

```swift
protocol PipelineProtocol {
    associatedtype Output
    init(value: Output)
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U>
    func execute() -> Output
}

// Functional pipeline builder class conforming to a protocol, allowing chaining transformations with type changes. 
// Ensure the final output is produced by sequentially applying transformations starting from an initial value.
class Pipeline<Output>: PipelineProtocol {
    private var value: Output?
    
    init(value: Output) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func pipe<U>(_ transform: @escaping (Output) -> U) -> Pipeline<U> {
        return Pipeline(value: transform(value!))
    }
    
    func execute() -> Output {
        return value!
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }

    func didSet(newValue: Value) {
        for (_, observer) in observers {
            observer(newValue)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }

    func didSet(newValue: Value) {
        for (_, observer) in observers {
            observer(newValue)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    
    var observers: [((Value) -> Void)] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.hashValue == observer.hashValue }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    
    var observers: [((Value) -> Void)] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.hashValue == observer.hashValue }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func didSet(newValue: Value) {
        observers.forEach { (_, observer) in observer(newValue) }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let uuid = UUID()
        observers[uuid] = observer
        return uuid
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func didSet(newValue: Value) {
        observers.forEach { (_, observer) in observer(newValue) }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        self.observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return self.value
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
            self.notifyObservers()
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        self.observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        self.observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func notifyObservers() {
        for observer in self.observers.values {
            observer(self.value)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(value)
            }
        }
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    private var observers: [Observer<Value>] = []
    private var value: Value

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return observerID
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observerID: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.observerID == observerID }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    private var observers: [Observer<Value>] = []
    private var value: Value

    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }

    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return observerID
    }

    func unsubscribe(_ observerID: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.observerID == observerID }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func didChange() {
        observers.forEach { (_, observer) in observer(value) }
    }
    
    func didChange(_ value: Value) {
        self.value = value
        didChange()
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value
    var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers[id] = observer
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    func didChange() {
        observers.forEach { (_, observer) in observer(value) }
    }
    
    func didChange(_ value: Value) {
        self.value = value
        didChange()
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(newValue)
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    private var observers: [UUID: (Value) -> Void] = [:]
    private var value: Value
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let observerID = UUID()
        observers[observerID] = observer
        return observerID
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeValue(forKey: observer)
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            value = newValue
            observers.forEach { (_, observer) in
                observer(newValue)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    
    var observers: [Observer<Value>] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.uuid == observer }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(value: Value)
    var value: Value { get set }
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID)
}

// Generic observable property that notifies observers of value changes.
class ObservableProperty<Value> : ObservablePropertyProtocol {
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return value
        }
        set {
            if value!= newValue {
                value = newValue
                observers.forEach { $0(value) }
            }
        }
    }
    
    var observers: [Observer<Value>] = []
    
    init(value: Value) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    func subscribe(_ observer: @escaping (Value) -> Void) -> UUID {
        let id = UUID()
        observers.append(observer)
        return id
    }
    
    func unsubscribe(_ observer: UUID) {
        observers.removeAll { $0.uuid == observer }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var minimum: Value
    var maximum: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, minimum: Value, maximum: Value) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.minimum = minimum
        self.maximum = maximum
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return max(min(self.wrappedValue, self.maximum), self.minimum)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = max(min(newValue, self.maximum), self.minimum)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var minimum: Value
    var maximum: Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, minimum: Value, maximum: Value) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.minimum = minimum
        self.maximum = maximum
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return max(min(self.wrappedValue, self.maximum), self.minimum)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = max(min(newValue, self.maximum), self.minimum)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a struct that represents a closed range of values.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// Range of values that can be clamped to.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClosedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClosedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a struct that contains a lower and upper bound.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// A range of values that can be clamped to.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a struct that holds a lower and upper bound.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}

```swift
protocol ClampedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Comparable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, _ range: ClosedRange<Value>)
}

// Property wrapper that clamps value within a specified range.
@propertyWrapper
struct Clamped<Value: Comparable> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let range: ClampedRange<Value>

    init(wrappedValue: Value, range: ClampedRange<Value>) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.range = range
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            return self.range.clamp(self.wrappedValue)
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = self.range.clamp(newValue)
        }
    }
}

// ClampedRange is a struct that represents a closed range of values.
struct ClampedRange<Value: Comparable> {
    let lowerBound: Value
    let upperBound: Value

    func clamp(_ value: Value) -> Value {
        return max(lowerBound, min(upperBound, value))
    }
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    var logger: (Event, T.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: T, logger: @escaping (Event, T.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    // The `get` and `set` accessors are used to log access and modification of the wrapped property.
    // The `get` accessor is called when the property is accessed, and the `set` accessor is called when the property is set.
    // The `get` accessor returns the wrapped property's value.
    // The `set` accessor sets the wrapped property's value.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of the same type as the wrapped property.
    // The `get` and `set` accessors are also required to conform to the `CustomKeyPathAccessors` protocol.
    // This protocol requires the `get` and `set` accessors to return a value of

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    private var logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, logger: @escaping (Event, Int) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedProperty: Int = 0
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    private var logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Int, logger: @escaping (Event, Int) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedProperty: Int = 0
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(.get, wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(.get, wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}

struct LoggedBool: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = Logged(wrappedValue: wrappedValue, logger: logger)
    }
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    func getValue(event: Event) -> Value {
        logger(event, wrappedValue)
        return wrappedValue
    }

    func setValue(newValue: Value, event: Event) {
        logger(event, newValue)
        wrappedValue = newValue
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    @Logged(logger: { event, value in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    }) var value: String
    init(wrappedValue: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    func getValue(event: Event) -> Value {
        logger(event, wrappedValue)
        return wrappedValue
    }

    func setValue(newValue: Value, event: Event) {
        logger(event, newValue)
        wrappedValue = newValue
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    @Logged(logger: { event, value in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    }) var value: String
    init(wrappedValue: String, logger: @escaping (Event, String) -> Void) {
        self.value = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

let loggedString = LoggedString(wrappedValue: "Hello", logger: { event, value in
    print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
})
loggedString.value = "World"
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    init(wrappedValue: T) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            self.wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    init(wrappedValue: T) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            self.wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    private var logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    private var logger: (Event, Value.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    var projectedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    var projectedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct Person {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var name: String
}

let person = Person(name: "John")
person.name = "Jane"
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    var projectedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedStruct: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct2<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct3<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct4<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct5<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct6<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct7<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct8<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct9<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    var projectedValue: T {
        get {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.get, wrappedValue.wrappedValue)
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue.logger(Event.set, newValue)
            wrappedValue.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to the LoggedProtocol.
struct LoggedStruct: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

// A struct that conforms to the LoggedProtocol.
struct LoggedStruct2<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

// A struct that conforms to the LoggedProtocol.
struct LoggedStruct3<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct4<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct5<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct6<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct7<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct8<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct9<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var logger: (Event, Value) -> Void
}

struct LoggedStruct10<T: LoggedProtocol>: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedStruct: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

class LoggedClass: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

class LoggedClassWithAssociatedType: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Equatable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<Value> {
    var wrappedValue: Value
    let logger: (Event, Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

// A struct that conforms to LoggedProtocol.
struct LoggedStruct: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

// A class that conforms to LoggedProtocol.
class LoggedClass: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

// A class that conforms to LoggedProtocol.
class LoggedClassWithAssociatedType: LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value: Equatable
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, self.wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, newValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    private var logger: (Event, T.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: T, logger: @escaping (Event, T.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: T {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, wrappedValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedString: LoggedString = LoggedString(wrappedValue: "Hello", logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })

    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedInt: LoggedInt = LoggedInt(wrappedValue: 42, logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })

    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedDouble: LoggedDouble = LoggedDouble(wrappedValue: 3.14, logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })
}

```swift
enum Event {
    case get, set
}

protocol LoggedProtocol {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void)
}

// Property wrapper that logs access and modification of the wrapped property.
@propertyWrapper
struct Logged<T: LoggedProtocol> {
    var wrappedValue: T
    private var logger: (Event, T.Value) -> Void

    init(wrappedValue: T, logger: @escaping (Event, T.Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }

    var wrappedValue: T {
        get {
            logger(Event.get, wrappedValue)
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            logger(Event.set, wrappedValue)
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

struct LoggedString: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = String
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedInt: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Int
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

struct LoggedDouble: LoggedProtocol {
    typealias Value = Double
    init(wrappedValue: Value, logger: @escaping (Event, Value) -> Void) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.logger = logger
    }
}

class LoggedClass {
    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedString: LoggedString = LoggedString(wrappedValue: "Hello", logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })

    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedInt: LoggedInt = LoggedInt(wrappedValue: 42, logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })

    @Logged(logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value)")
    })
    var loggedDouble: LoggedDouble = LoggedDouble(wrappedValue: 3.14, logger: { (event, value) in
        print("\(event.rawValue) \(value.wrappedValue)")
    })
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return self.handleCharacterSelect(character)
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return self.handleDeleteBackwards()
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return self.handleSearchButtonPress()
        }
    }

    private func handleCharacterSelect(_ character: Character) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }

    private func handleDeleteBackwards() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }

    private func handleSearchButtonPress() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let city = "London"
        let forecast = try self.provider.forecast(for: city)
        return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return self.handleCharacterSelect(character)
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return self.handleDeleteBackwards()
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return self.handleSearchButtonPress()
        }
    }

    private func handleCharacterSelect(_ character: Character) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }

    private func handleDeleteBackwards() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        return nil
    }

    private func handleSearchButtonPress() -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        let city = "London"
        let forecast = try self.provider.forecast(for: city)
        return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "New York", forecast: "forecast for New York")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "New York", forecast: "forecast for New York")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "New York", forecast: "forecast for New York")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "New York", forecast: "forecast for New York")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var currentSearch: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search + character
            } else {
                currentSearch = String(character)
            }
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search.dropLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                do {
                    let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: search)
                    return.success(city: search, forecast: forecast)
                } catch {
                    return.failure(city: search)
                }
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var currentSearch: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search + character
            } else {
                currentSearch = String(character)
            }
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search.dropLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                do {
                    let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: search)
                    return.success(city: search, forecast: forecast)
                } catch {
                    return.failure(city: search)
                }
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var currentSearch: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search + character
            } else {
                currentSearch = String(character)
            }
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search.dropLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                do {
                    let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: search)
                    return.success(city: search, forecast: forecast)
                } catch {
                    return.failure(city: search)
                }
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var currentSearch: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search + character
            } else {
                currentSearch = String(character)
            }
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search.dropLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                do {
                    let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: search)
                    return.success(city: search, forecast: forecast)
                } catch {
                    return.failure(city: search)
                }
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var currentSearch: String?

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search + character
            } else {
                currentSearch = String(character)
            }
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                currentSearch = search.dropLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            if let search = currentSearch {
                do {
                    let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: search)
                    return.success(city: search, forecast: forecast)
                } catch {
                    return.failure(city: search)
                }
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return nil
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return nil
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: "London")
                return.success(city: "London", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: "London")
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: "London")
                return.success(city: "London", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: "London")
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: "London")
                return.success(city: "London", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: "London")
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: "London")
                return.success(city: "London", forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: "London")
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    
    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }
    
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return.success(city: character.description, forecast: "Forecast for \(character.description)")
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return.success(city: "", forecast: "")
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return.success(city: "London", forecast: "Forecast for London")
        }
    }
    
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return nil
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return try provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            return nil
        }
    }

    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String {
        return try provider.forecast(for: city)
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchBarResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(character) }
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.dropLast()
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBarResults.first else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchBarResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(character) }
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.dropLast()
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBarResults.first else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchBarResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(character) }
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.dropLast()
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBarResults.first else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchBarResults: [String] = []

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.filter { $0.hasPrefix(character) }
            return nil
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            searchBarResults = searchBarResults.dropLast()
            return nil
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchBarResults.first else { return nil }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
    }
}
```

protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var selectedSearchResult: Int = 0

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults.append(String(character))
            selectedSearchResult = searchResults.count - 1
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if selectedSearchResult > 0 {
                selectedSearchResult -= 1
                searchResults.removeLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchResults.joined() else {
                return.failure(city: "")
            }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}

```swift
protocol WeatherProvider {
    func forecast(for city: String) throws -> String
}

enum UserAction {
    case keyboardCharacterSelect(Character)
    case keyboardDeleteBackwards
    case searchButtonPress
}

enum ApplicationFeedback: Equatable {
    case success(city: String, forecast: String)
    case failure(city: String)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationDependencies {
    init(provider: WeatherProvider)
}

protocol WeatherApplicationInteractions {
    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback?
}

typealias WeatherApplicationProtocol = WeatherApplicationDependencies & WeatherApplicationInteractions

// Weather application provider.
// Handle user actions to fill search bar results and use WeatherProvider to check forecast.
class WeatherApplication: WeatherApplicationProtocol {
    private let provider: WeatherProvider
    private var searchResults: [String] = []
    private var selectedSearchResult: Int = 0

    init(provider: WeatherProvider) {
        self.provider = provider
    }

    func handle(action: UserAction) -> ApplicationFeedback? {
        switch action {
        case.keyboardCharacterSelect(let character):
            searchResults.append(String(character))
            selectedSearchResult = searchResults.count - 1
        case.keyboardDeleteBackwards:
            if selectedSearchResult > 0 {
                selectedSearchResult -= 1
                searchResults.removeLast()
            }
        case.searchButtonPress:
            guard let city = searchResults.joined() else {
                return.failure(city: "")
            }
            do {
                let forecast = try provider.forecast(for: city)
                return.success(city: city, forecast: forecast)
            } catch {
                return.failure(city: city)
            }
        }
        return nil
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        return await self.balance.modify { $0 >= amount }
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        return await self.balance.modify { $0 >= amount }
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } >= 0 {
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } >= 0 {
            return true
        } else {
            return false
        }
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        guard await balance.modify { $0 >= amount } else { return false }
        await balance.modify { $0 -= amount }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        guard await balance.modify { $0 >= amount } else { return false }
        await balance.modify { $0 -= amount }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double = 0.0
    
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        if await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount } < 0 {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        guard amount <= self.balance else { return false }
        await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount }
        return true
    }
}

```swift
protocol BankAccountProtocol {
    init(balance: Double)
    var balance: Double { get async }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool
}

// Thread-safe bank account class using an actor that allows asynchronous deposits and withdrawals, ensuring that the account balance remains consistent and transactions are atomic.
actor BankAccount: BankAccountProtocol {
    var balance: Double
    init(balance: Double) {
        self.balance = balance
    }
    func deposit(amount: Double) async {
        await self.balance.modify { $0 += amount }
    }
    func withdraw(amount: Double) async -> Bool {
        guard amount <= self.balance else { return false }
        await self.balance.modify { $0 -= amount }
        return true
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value?
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value? {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return wrappedValue
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value?
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value? {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return wrappedValue
            }
            return nil
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return wrappedValue
            } else {
                return wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return wrappedValue
            } else {
                return wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var _wrappedValue: Value?
    private var _condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        _wrappedValue = nil
        _condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if _wrappedValue == nil || _condition() {
                _wrappedValue = wrappedValue.wrappedValue
            }
            return _wrappedValue!
        }
        set {
            _wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var _wrappedValue: Value?
    private var _condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        _wrappedValue = nil
        _condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if _wrappedValue == nil || _condition() {
                _wrappedValue = wrappedValue.wrappedValue
            }
            return _wrappedValue!
        }
        set {
            _wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var isCached: Bool {
        condition()
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        if isCached {
            return wrappedValue
        } else {
            return wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var isCached: Bool {
        condition()
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        if isCached {
            return wrappedValue
        } else {
            return wrappedValue()
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private let wrappedValue: @autoclosure () -> Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return self.value
            }
            return wrappedValue()
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return wrappedValue()
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private let wrappedValue: @autoclosure () -> Value
    private let condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                return self.value
            }
            return wrappedValue()
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }
    
    var value: Value {
        get {
            return wrappedValue()
        }
        set {
            self.value = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return self.wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            self.wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    private var wrappedValue: Value
    private var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var wrappedValue: Value {
        get {
            if condition() {
                wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
            }
            return wrappedValue
        }
        set {
            wrappedValue = newValue
        }
    }
}
```

protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var isCached: Bool {
        return condition()
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        return wrappedValue
    }
}

```swift
protocol CachedProperty {
    associatedtype Value
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool)
}

// Property wrapper that caches the computed value of a property and recomputes it only when a specified condition changes.
@propertyWrapper
struct Cached<Value>: CachedProperty {
    typealias Value = Value
    
    var wrappedValue: Value
    var condition: () -> Bool
    
    init(wrappedValue: @autoclosure @escaping () -> Value, condition: @escaping () -> Bool) {
        self.wrappedValue = wrappedValue()
        self.condition = condition
    }
    
    var isCached: Bool {
        return condition()
    }
    
    var projectedValue: Value {
        return wrappedValue
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        (x: Int) -> Int in
        return g(f(x))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        (x: Int) -> Int in
        return g(f(x))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity left
}

func >>>(f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        input in
        return f(g(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity left
}

func >>>(f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        input in
        return f(g(input))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        input in
        return g(f(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return {
        input in
        return g(f(input))
    }
}

// The following code should compile without errors.
let addOne = { (input: Int) -> Int in
    return input + 1
}

let multiplyByTwo = { (input: Int) -> Int in
    return input * 2
}

let multiplyByTwoAndAddOne = addOne >>> multiplyByTwo

print(multiplyByTwoAndAddOne(3)) // prints 8
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        (x: A) -> C in
        return g(f(x))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        (x: A) -> C in
        return g(f(x))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: right
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { input in
        return g(f(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: right
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return { input in
        return g(f(input))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> <A, B, C>(f: (A) -> B, g: (B) -> C) -> (A) -> C {
    return {
        input in
        g(f(input))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>>(f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return { x in
        return f(g(x))
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>>(f: @escaping (Int) -> Int, g: @escaping (Int) -> Int) -> @escaping (Int) -> Int {
    return { x in
        return f(g(x))
    }
}
```

infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> @escaping (A) -> C {
    return { input in
        f(input) >> g
    }
}

```swift
infix operator >>>: FunctionCompositionPrecedence

// Custom infix operator >>> that composes two functions. The operator should take two functions and return a new function that represents the composition of the two functions (i.e., the output of the first function becomes the input of the second function).
precedencegroup FunctionCompositionPrecedence {
    associativity: none
}

func >>> (f: @escaping (A) -> B, g: @escaping (B) -> C) -> @escaping (A) -> C {
    return { input in
        f(input) >> g
    }
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        var bytesReadThisTime = 0
        bytesRead = try inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        bytesReadThisTime = Int(bytesRead)
        hash.update(data: Data(buffer))
    }
    return hash.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        var bytesReadThisTime = 0
        bytesRead = try inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        bytesReadThisTime = Int(bytesRead)
        hash.update(data: Data(buffer))
    }
    return hash.final()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: bufferSize)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        digest.update(using: buffer, length: bytesRead)
    }
    return digest
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: bufferSize)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        digest.update(using: buffer, length: bytesRead)
    }
    return digest
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        hash.update(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
    }
    return hash.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        hash.update(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
    }
    return hash.final()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let length = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        digest.update(using: buffer, length: length)
    }
    
    return digest
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let length = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        digest.update(using: buffer, length: length)
    }
    
    return digest
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    let hash = SHA256()
    let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: bufferSize)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        hash.update(buffer, length: bytesRead)
    }
    return hash.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest? {
    let hash = SHA256()
    let buffer = UnsafeMutablePointer<UInt8>.allocate(capacity: bufferSize)
    defer { buffer.deallocate() }
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        let bytesRead = try inputStream.read(buffer, maxLength: bufferSize)
        hash.update(buffer, length: bytesRead)
    }
    return hash.final()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var hash = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) > 0 {
        hash.update(using: buffer)
    }
    return hash
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var hash = SHA256Digest()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) > 0 {
        hash.update(using: buffer)
    }
    return hash
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) {
        hash.update(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
    }
    return hash.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    let hash = SHA256()
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    while let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) {
        hash.update(buffer[0..<bytesRead])
    }
    return hash.final()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var sha256 = SHA256()
    var buffer = Data(count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        var bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: buffer.count)
        if bytesRead!= -1 {
            sha256.update(buffer)
        }
    }
    return sha256.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var sha256 = SHA256()
    var buffer = Data(count: bufferSize)
    var bytesRead = 0
    while bytesRead!= -1 {
        var bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: buffer.count)
        if bytesRead!= -1 {
            sha256.update(buffer)
        }
    }
    return sha256.final()
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    
    // Create a SHA-256 hash digest using the buffer size specified.
    let hash = SHA256(algorithm:.default)
    
    // Create a buffer to read data from the stream into.
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    // Read data from the stream into the buffer until the stream is exhausted.
    while let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) {
        // Update the hash digest with the data read from the stream.
        hash.update(data: Data(buffer))
    }
    
    // Finalize the hash digest and return the result.
    digest = hash.final()
    return digest
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var digest = SHA256Digest()
    
    // Create a SHA-256 hash digest using the buffer size specified.
    let hash = SHA256(algorithm:.default)
    
    // Create a buffer to read data from the stream into.
    var buffer = [UInt8](repeating: 0, count: bufferSize)
    
    // Read data from the stream into the buffer until the stream is exhausted.
    while let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: bufferSize) {
        // Update the hash digest with the data read from the stream.
        hash.update(data: Data(buffer))
    }
    
    // Finalize the hash digest and return the result.
    digest = hash.final()
    return digest
}
```

import CryptoKit

func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var sha256 = SHA256()
    var buffer = Data(count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: buffer.count)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            sha256.update(buffer.subdata(with: 0..<bytesRead))
        }
    }
    return sha256.final()
}

```swift
import CryptoKit

// Function that computes the SHA-256 hash of data read from a stream with a specified buffer size using Apple's CryptoKit framework.
func computeSHA256Hash(of inputStream: InputStream, bufferSize: Int) -> SHA256Digest {
    var sha256 = SHA256()
    var buffer = Data(count: bufferSize)
    while inputStream.hasBytesAvailable {
        let bytesRead = inputStream.read(&buffer, maxLength: buffer.count)
        if bytesRead > 0 {
            sha256.update(buffer.subdata(with: 0..<bytesRead))
        }
    }
    return sha256.final()
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16.map { Int8.init(bitPattern: $0) })
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16.map { Int8.init(bitPattern: $0) })
    }
}

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16.map { Int8.init(bitPattern: $0) })
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(cString: tuple16)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(cString: tuple16)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

let tuple16: Tuple16 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
let string = String(tuple16: tuple16)
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

```swift
typealias Tuple16 = (Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8, Int8)

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}

// Extension to the String type that allows initializing a String from a tuple of 16 Int8 values, where the tuple represents a C-style null-terminated string.
extension String {
    init(tuple16: Tuple16) {
        self.init(bytes: tuple16, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)
    }
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getSize()
    let rhsSize = rhs.getSize()
    if lhsSize!= rhsSize {
        return false
    }
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    if lhsFormat!= rhsFormat {
        return false
    }
    let lhsData = lhs.getData()
    let rhsData = rhs.getData()
    return lhsData == rhsData
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getSize()
    let rhsSize = rhs.getSize()
    if lhsSize!= rhsSize {
        return false
    }
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    if lhsFormat!= rhsFormat {
        return false
    }
    let lhsData = lhs.getData()
    let rhsData = rhs.getData()
    return lhsData == rhsData
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    guard lhs.pixelFormat!= rhs.pixelFormat else {
        return lhs.width == rhs.width && lhs.height == rhs.height
    }
    return false
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    guard lhs.pixelFormat!= rhs.pixelFormat else {
        return lhs.width == rhs.width && lhs.height == rhs.height
    }
    return false
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    guard lhs.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelFormat && lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width && lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height else {
        return false
    }
    return true
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    guard lhs.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelFormat && lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width && lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height else {
        return false
    }
    return true
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelFormat && lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width && lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelFormat && lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width && lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.planar == rhs.pixelBuffer.planar &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelBuffer.bytes == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelBuffer.bytes
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.planar == rhs.pixelBuffer.planar &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelBuffer.bytes == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelBuffer.bytes
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        CVPixelBufferIsEqualToPixelBuffer(lhs.pixelBuffer, rhs.pixelBuffer)
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        CVPixelBufferIsEqualToPixelBuffer(lhs.pixelBuffer, rhs.pixelBuffer)
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        CVPixelBufferIsEqualToPixelBuffer(lhs.pixelBuffer, rhs.pixelBuffer)
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    return lhs.pixelBuffer.width == rhs.pixelBuffer.width &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.height == rhs.pixelBuffer.height &&
        lhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat == rhs.pixelBuffer.pixelFormat &&
        CVPixelBufferIsEqualToPixelBuffer(lhs.pixelBuffer, rhs.pixelBuffer)
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsHeight = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.bytesPerRow
    let lhsBytes = lhs.dataProvider?.dataLength
    let lhsPlanes = lhs.planes

    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsHeight = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.bytesPerRow
    let rhsBytes = rhs.dataProvider?.dataLength
    let rhsPlanes = rhs.planes

    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsHeight == rhsHeight && lhsFormat == rhsFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsBytes == rhsBytes && lhsPlanes == rhsPlanes
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsHeight = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.bytesPerRow
    let lhsBytes = lhs.dataProvider?.dataLength
    let lhsPlanes = lhs.planes

    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsHeight = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.bytesPerRow
    let rhsBytes = rhs.dataProvider?.dataLength
    let rhsPlanes = rhs.planes

    return lhsSize == rhsSize && lhsHeight == rhsHeight && lhsFormat == rhsFormat && lhsBytesPerRow == rhsBytesPerRow && lhsBytes == rhsBytes && lhsPlanes == rhsPlanes
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferWidthKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsContent = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytes = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesKey)! as! NSData
    
    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferWidthKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsContent = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytes = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesKey)! as! NSData
    
    return lhsSize.intValue == rhsSize.intValue &&
        lhsFormat == rhsFormat &&
        lhsContent.intValue == rhsContent.intValue &&
        lhsBytesPerRow.intValue == rhsBytesPerRow.intValue &&
        lhsBytes.isEqual(rhsBytes)
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferWidthKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsContent = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey)! as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytes = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesKey)! as! NSData
    
    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferWidthKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsContent = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey)! as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytes = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachment: kCVPixelBufferBytesKey)! as! NSData
    
    return lhsSize.intValue == rhsSize.intValue &&
        lhsFormat == rhsFormat &&
        lhsContent.intValue == rhsContent.intValue &&
        lhsBytesPerRow.intValue == rhsBytesPerRow.intValue &&
        lhsBytes.isEqual(rhsBytes)
}
```

import CoreVideo

func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsHeight = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytes = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSData

    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsHeight = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytes = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSData

    return lhsSize.intValue == rhsSize.intValue &&
        lhsHeight.intValue == rhsHeight.intValue &&
        lhsFormat == rhsFormat &&
        lhsBytesPerRow.intValue == rhsBytesPerRow.intValue &&
        lhsBytes == rhsBytes
}

```swift
import CoreVideo

// Custom operator which provides comparison for two CVPixelBuffer objects and returns true if two pixel buffers equal in size, pixel format, and content.
func ==(lhs: CVPixelBuffer, rhs: CVPixelBuffer) -> Bool {
    let lhsSize = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsHeight = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsFormat = lhs.pixelFormat
    let lhsBytesPerRow = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let lhsBytes = lhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSData

    let rhsSize = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferWidthKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsHeight = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferHeightKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsFormat = rhs.pixelFormat
    let rhsBytesPerRow = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesPerRowKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSNumber
    let rhsBytes = rhs.getAttachment(kCVPixelBufferBytesKey, attachmentMode: kCVDetachmentMode_Any) as! NSData

    return lhsSize.intValue == rhsSize.intValue &&
        lhsHeight.intValue == rhsHeight.intValue &&
        lhsFormat == rhsFormat &&
        lhsBytesPerRow.intValue == rhsBytesPerRow.intValue &&
        lhsBytes == rhsBytes
}
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2)]
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    let publicItems = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer(items)
       .map {
            let publicItem = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>(item)
            return publicItem.pointee
        }
    return Array(publicItems)
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    let publicItems = UnsafeMutableBufferPointer(items)
       .map {
            let publicItem = UnsafeMutablePointer<PublicItem>(item)
            return publicItem.pointee
        }
    return Array(publicItems)
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2)]
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        result.append(PublicItem(value: item.value))
    }
    return result
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems) // [PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2)]
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        publicItems.append(publicItem)
    }
    return publicItems
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        publicItems.append(publicItem)
    }
    return publicItems
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2), PrivateItem(value: 3)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
print(publicItems)
// Prints "[PublicItem(value: 1), PublicItem(value: 2), PublicItem(value: 3)]"
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        publicItems.append(unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self))
    }
    return publicItems
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var publicItems = [PublicItem]()
    for item in items {
        publicItems.append(unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self))
    }
    return publicItems
}
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

let privateItems = [PrivateItem(value: 1), PrivateItem(value: 2)]
let publicItems = reveal(items: privateItems)
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

func hide(items: [PublicItem]) -> [PrivateItem] {
    var result: [PrivateItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let privateItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PrivateItem.self)
        result.append(privateItem)
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

// Function to convert an array of public structs with integer fields into an array of structs with private integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func hide(items: [PublicItem]) -> [PrivateItem] {
    var result: [PrivateItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let privateItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PrivateItem.self)
        result.append(privateItem)
    }
    return result
}
```

struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}

```swift
struct PrivateItem {
    private let value: Int
    init(value: Int) {
        self.value = value
    }
}

struct PublicItem {
    let value: Int
}

// Function to convert an array of structs with private integer fields into an array of public structs with identical integer fields by directly reinterpreting memory, assuming the structs have the same memory layout and alignment.
func reveal(items: [PrivateItem]) -> [PublicItem] {
    var result: [PublicItem] = []
    for item in items {
        let publicItem = unsafeBitCast(item, to: PublicItem.self)
        result.append(publicItem)
    }
    return result
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split version number strings into components (major, minor, patch, pre-release, build)
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    
    // Compare major, minor and patch components
    for i in 0..<lhsComponents.count {
        if i >= rhsComponents.count {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    // Compare pre-release and build components
    if lhsComponents.count < rhsComponents.count {
        return.orderedAscending
    }
    
    if lhsComponents.count > rhsComponents.count {
        return.orderedDescending
    }
    
    for i in lhsComponents.count...(lhsComponents.count - 1) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    // Split version number strings into components (major, minor, patch, pre-release, build)
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    
    // Compare major, minor and patch components
    for i in 0..<lhsComponents.count {
        if i >= rhsComponents.count {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    // Compare pre-release and build components
    if lhsComponents.count < rhsComponents.count {
        return.orderedAscending
    }
    
    if lhsComponents.count > rhsComponents.count {
        return.orderedDescending
    }
    
    for i in lhsComponents.count...(lhsComponents.count - 1) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        }
        
        if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    //...
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        } else if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsComponents = lhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    let rhsComponents = rhs.components(separatedBy: ".")
    
    for i in 0..<max(lhsComponents.count, rhsComponents.count) {
        let lhsComponent = lhsComponents[i]
        let rhsComponent = rhsComponents[i]
        
        if lhsComponent < rhsComponent {
            return.orderedAscending
        } else if lhsComponent > rhsComponent {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}
```

enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsVersion = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsVersion = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    for (lhsPart, rhsPart) in zip(lhsVersion, rhsVersion) {
        if lhsPart < rhsPart {
            return.orderedAscending
        } else if lhsPart > rhsPart {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}

```swift
enum ComparisonResult {
    case orderedSame
    case orderedAscending
    case orderedDescending
}

// Function that compares two version number strings (created with respect of semantic versioning specification including "alpha" and "beta" tags) and returning their ordering as a value of type ComparisonResult.
func compareVersions(_ lhs: String, _ rhs: String) -> ComparisonResult {
    let lhsVersion = lhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    let rhsVersion = rhs.split(separator: ".").map { String($0) }
    
    for (lhsPart, rhsPart) in zip(lhsVersion, rhsVersion) {
        if lhsPart < rhsPart {
            return.orderedAscending
        } else if lhsPart > rhsPart {
            return.orderedDescending
        }
    }
    
    return.orderedSame
}
```